{"id":1094,"date":"2026-07-17T15:37:43","date_gmt":"2026-07-17T15:37:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/?page_id=1094"},"modified":"2026-07-22T10:05:54","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T10:05:54","slug":"nuclear-particle-physics-and-cosmology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/?page_id=1094","title":{"rendered":"Nuclear, Particle Physics and Cosmology"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1094\" class=\"elementor elementor-1094\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc941e9 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-76b0423 \" data-id=\"dc941e9\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"dc941e9\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b0380d elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"9b0380d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n  \/*\r\n   * The hero containing the indicator must be relative.\r\n   *\/\r\n  .cpse-scroll-cue {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    z-index: 10;\r\n    bottom: 25px;\r\n    left: 50%;\r\n\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    flex-direction: column;\r\n    gap: 8px;\r\n\r\n    color: #ffffff !important;\r\n    text-decoration: none !important;\r\n\r\n    opacity: 0.72;\r\n    transform: translateX(-50%);\r\n\r\n    transition:\r\n      opacity 0.25s ease,\r\n      transform 0.25s ease;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-scroll-cue:hover {\r\n    color: #ffffff !important;\r\n    opacity: 1;\r\n    transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-3px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/*\r\n   * Mouse outline\r\n   *\/\r\n\r\n  .cpse-scroll-cue__mouse {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n\r\n    width: 36px;\r\n    height: 56px;\r\n\r\n    display: block;\r\n\r\n    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);\r\n    border-radius: 999px;\r\n\r\n    background: rgba(7, 26, 61, 0.18);\r\n    backdrop-filter: blur(4px);\r\n    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(4px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/*\r\n   * Animated wheel\r\n   *\/\r\n\r\n  .cpse-scroll-cue__wheel {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    top: 10px;\r\n    left: 50%;\r\n\r\n    width: 5px;\r\n    height: 9px;\r\n\r\n    display: block;\r\n\r\n    border-radius: 999px;\r\n    background: #ffffff;\r\n\r\n    transform: translateX(-50%);\r\n\r\n    animation:\r\n      cpseScrollWheel 1.8s\r\n      cubic-bezier(0.45, 0, 0.55, 1)\r\n      infinite;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @keyframes cpseScrollWheel {\r\n    0% {\r\n      opacity: 0;\r\n      transform: translate(-50%, 0);\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    20% {\r\n      opacity: 1;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    65% {\r\n      opacity: 1;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    100% {\r\n      opacity: 0;\r\n      transform: translate(-50%, 22px);\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-scroll-cue__text {\r\n    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);\r\n    font-family: \"Poppins\", sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: 9px;\r\n    font-weight: 600;\r\n    letter-spacing: 1.4px;\r\n    line-height: 1;\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n    .cpse-scroll-cue {\r\n      bottom: 17px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .cpse-scroll-cue__mouse {\r\n      width: 31px;\r\n      height: 48px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    .cpse-scroll-cue__text {\r\n      display: none;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n    .cpse-scroll-cue__wheel {\r\n      animation: none;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n<\/style><style>\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-page,\r\n.cpse-npc-page * {\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-page {\r\n  --npc-navy: #06152f;\r\n  --npc-navy-light: #102850;\r\n  --npc-orange: #c95335;\r\n  --npc-orange-soft: #f8ebe7;\r\n  --npc-text: #263247;\r\n  --npc-muted: #687386;\r\n  --npc-border: #dde3eb;\r\n  --npc-soft: #f5f7fa;\r\n  --npc-white: #ffffff;\r\n\r\n  color: var(--npc-text);\r\n  font-family: \"Poppins\", sans-serif;\r\n  font-size: 16px;\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-page section[id] {\r\n  scroll-margin-top: 120px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-shell {\r\n  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\r\n  margin-inline: auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-section {\r\n  padding: 90px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-section--soft {\r\n  background: var(--npc-soft);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-kicker {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 9px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n  color: var(--npc-orange);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  letter-spacing: 1.4px;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-kicker::before {\r\n  width: 28px;\r\n  height: 2px;\r\n  background: var(--npc-orange);\r\n  content: \"\";\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-title {\r\n  max-width: 900px;\r\n  margin: 0 0 20px !important;\r\n  color: var(--npc-navy) !important;\r\n  font-family: \"Poppins\", sans-serif !important;\r\n  font-size: clamp(31px, 4vw, 50px) !important;\r\n  font-weight: 700 !important;\r\n  letter-spacing: -1.4px;\r\n  line-height: 1.14 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-intro {\r\n  max-width: 820px;\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  color: var(--npc-muted);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Buttons *\/\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-btn {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  min-height: 50px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: center;\r\n  padding: 12px 25px;\r\n  border: 1px solid transparent;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  transition: .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-btn--orange {\r\n  background: var(--npc-orange);\r\n  color: #fff !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-btn--orange:hover {\r\n  background: #ae4329;\r\n  color: #fff !important;\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-btn--outline {\r\n  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.45);\r\n  color: #fff !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-btn--outline:hover {\r\n  border-color: #fff;\r\n  background: #fff;\r\n  color: var(--npc-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Hero *\/\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-hero {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  min-height: 720px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  padding: 90px 0;\r\n  background-image:\r\n    linear-gradient(\r\n      90deg,\r\n      rgba(2,12,30,.97) 0%,\r\n      rgba(2,12,30,.85) 34%,\r\n      rgba(2,12,30,.35) 64%,\r\n      rgba(2,12,30,.08) 100%\r\n    ),\r\n    url(\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/hero_cosmology.png\");\r\n  background-position: center;\r\n  background-repeat: no-repeat;\r\n  background-size: cover;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-hero__content {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  z-index: 2;\r\n  max-width: 760px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-hero__kicker {\r\n  display: block;\r\n  margin-bottom: 17px;\r\n  color: #f2a087;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  letter-spacing: 1.7px;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-hero__badge {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 9px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 20px;\r\n  padding: 8px 14px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,.08);\r\n  color: #fff;\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 600;\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-hero__badge::before {\r\n  width: 8px;\r\n  height: 8px;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--npc-orange);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px rgba(201,83,53,.18);\r\n  content: \"\";\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-hero h1 {\r\n  max-width: 800px;\r\n  margin: 0 0 25px !important;\r\n  color: #fff !important;\r\n  font-family: \"Poppins\", sans-serif !important;\r\n  font-size: clamp(40px, 5vw, 68px) !important;\r\n  font-weight: 700 !important;\r\n  letter-spacing: -2.4px;\r\n  line-height: 1.05 !important;\r\n  text-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.25);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-hero__text {\r\n  max-width: 670px;\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  color: rgba(255,255,255,.82);\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-hero__actions {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n  margin-top: 32px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Overview scale *\/\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-overview p {\r\n  max-width: 900px;\r\n  margin: 0 0 18px;\r\n  color: var(--npc-muted);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-scale {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);\r\n  margin-top: 48px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n  border-radius: 21px;\r\n  background: #fff;\r\n  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(6,21,47,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-scale__item {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  padding: 30px 25px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-scale__item + .cpse-npc-scale__item {\r\n  border-left: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-scale__label {\r\n  display: block;\r\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\r\n  color: var(--npc-orange);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-scale__item h3 {\r\n  margin: 0 0 9px !important;\r\n  color: var(--npc-navy) !important;\r\n  font-family: \"Poppins\", sans-serif !important;\r\n  font-size: 19px !important;\r\n  font-weight: 700 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-scale__item p {\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  color: var(--npc-muted);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Accordion *\/\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-accordion {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 16px;\r\n  margin-top: 44px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  background: #fff;\r\n  transition: .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme:hover,\r\n.cpse-npc-theme[open] {\r\n  border-color: rgba(201,83,53,.65);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 16px 42px rgba(6,21,47,.08);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme summary {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n  gap: 28px;\r\n  padding: 25px 28px;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  list-style: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme summary::-webkit-details-marker {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme__heading {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 17px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme__icon {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  flex: 0 0 47px;\r\n  width: 47px;\r\n  height: 47px;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--npc-orange-soft);\r\n  color: var(--npc-orange);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme h3 {\r\n  margin: 0 0 2px !important;\r\n  color: var(--npc-navy) !important;\r\n  font-family: \"Poppins\", sans-serif !important;\r\n  font-size: 21px !important;\r\n  font-weight: 700 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme__short {\r\n  color: var(--npc-muted);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme__toggle {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  flex: 0 0 42px;\r\n  width: 42px;\r\n  height: 42px;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--npc-navy);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme__toggle::before,\r\n.cpse-npc-theme__toggle::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  top: 50%;\r\n  left: 50%;\r\n  width: 14px;\r\n  height: 2px;\r\n  background: #fff;\r\n  content: \"\";\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\r\n  transition: .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme__toggle::after {\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(90deg);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme[open] .cpse-npc-theme__toggle::after {\r\n  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme__body {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: minmax(0,.9fr) minmax(420px,1.1fr);\r\n  gap: 42px;\r\n  padding: 5px 28px 32px;\r\n  border-top: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme__copy {\r\n  padding-top: 28px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-theme__copy p {\r\n  margin: 0 0 18px;\r\n  color: var(--npc-muted);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-list {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 10px;\r\n  margin: 20px 0 0;\r\n  padding: 0;\r\n  list-style: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-list li {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  padding-left: 22px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-list li::before {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  top: .72em;\r\n  left: 0;\r\n  width: 7px;\r\n  height: 7px;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--npc-orange);\r\n  content: \"\";\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Carousel *\/\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel {\r\n  min-width: 0;\r\n  padding-top: 28px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel__viewport {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  background: var(--npc-soft);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel__track {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  transition: transform .45s cubic-bezier(.22,.61,.36,1);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel__slide {\r\n  flex: 0 0 100%;\r\n  min-width: 100%;\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel__slide img {\r\n  display: block;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  height: 440px;\r\n  padding: 14px;\r\n  background: #fff;\r\n  object-fit: contain;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel__slide figcaption {\r\n  min-height: 52px;\r\n  padding: 13px 18px;\r\n  border-top: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n  color: var(--npc-muted);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel__controls {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n  margin-top: 13px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel__arrows {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel__button {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  width: 42px;\r\n  height: 42px;\r\n  padding: 0;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border: 0;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--npc-navy);\r\n  color: #fff;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  font-size: 21px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel__button:hover {\r\n  background: var(--npc-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel__dots {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 7px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel__dot {\r\n  width: 8px;\r\n  height: 8px;\r\n  padding: 0;\r\n  border: 0;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: #c5cbd4;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  transition: .2s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-carousel__dot.is-active {\r\n  width: 23px;\r\n  background: var(--npc-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Research cards *\/\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-paper-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\r\n  gap: 22px;\r\n  margin-top: 44px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-paper {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 190px 1fr;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: #fff;\r\n  transition: .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-paper:hover {\r\n  border-color: rgba(201,83,53,.6);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(6,21,47,.09);\r\n  transform: translateY(-4px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-paper__image {\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  height: 100%;\r\n  min-height: 290px;\r\n  padding: 12px;\r\n  background: var(--npc-soft);\r\n  object-fit: contain;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-paper__body {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-direction: column;\r\n  padding: 25px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-paper__label {\r\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n  color: var(--npc-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  letter-spacing: 1px;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-paper h3 {\r\n  margin: 0 0 11px !important;\r\n  color: var(--npc-navy) !important;\r\n  font-family: \"Poppins\", sans-serif !important;\r\n  font-size: 17px !important;\r\n  font-weight: 700 !important;\r\n  line-height: 1.45 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-paper p {\r\n  margin: 0 0 20px;\r\n  color: var(--npc-muted);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-paper__link {\r\n  margin-top: auto;\r\n  color: var(--npc-orange) !important;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Impact cards *\/\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-impact-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\r\n  gap: 20px;\r\n  margin-top: 42px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-impact {\r\n  padding: 28px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  background: #fff;\r\n  transition: .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-impact:hover {\r\n  border-color: rgba(201,83,53,.65);\r\n  transform: translateY(-4px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-impact__mark {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  width: 44px;\r\n  height: 44px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 19px;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 13px;\r\n  background: var(--npc-orange-soft);\r\n  color: var(--npc-orange);\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-impact h3 {\r\n  margin: 0 0 9px !important;\r\n  color: var(--npc-navy) !important;\r\n  font-family: \"Poppins\", sans-serif !important;\r\n  font-size: 18px !important;\r\n  font-weight: 700 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-impact p {\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  color: var(--npc-muted);\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* CTA *\/\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-cta {\r\n  padding: 58px;\r\n  border-radius: 28px;\r\n  background:\r\n    radial-gradient(circle at 90% 10%, rgba(255,255,255,.12), transparent 30%),\r\n    var(--npc-navy);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-cta h2 {\r\n  max-width: 790px;\r\n  margin: 0 0 16px !important;\r\n  color: #fff !important;\r\n  font-family: \"Poppins\", sans-serif !important;\r\n  font-size: clamp(30px,4vw,47px) !important;\r\n  font-weight: 700 !important;\r\n  line-height: 1.17 !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-cta p {\r\n  max-width: 730px;\r\n  margin: 0;\r\n  color: rgba(255,255,255,.75);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Floating menu *\/\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-float {\r\n  position: fixed;\r\n  z-index: 999;\r\n  top: 150px;\r\n  right: 18px;\r\n  width: 255px;\r\n  font-family: \"Poppins\", sans-serif;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-float__panel {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n  border-radius: 17px;\r\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,.97);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(6,21,47,.2);\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-float__head {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n  padding: 15px 16px;\r\n  background: var(--npc-navy);\r\n  color: #fff;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-float__close {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  width: 28px;\r\n  height: 28px;\r\n  padding: 0;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border: 0;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: rgba(255,255,255,.13);\r\n  color: #fff;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-float__links {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  padding: 8px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-float__links a {\r\n  padding: 10px 11px;\r\n  border-radius: 9px;\r\n  color: var(--npc-text) !important;\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 600;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-float__links a:hover {\r\n  background: var(--npc-orange-soft);\r\n  color: var(--npc-orange) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-float__tab {\r\n  display: none;\r\n  min-height: 46px;\r\n  margin-left: auto;\r\n  padding: 10px 17px;\r\n  border: 0;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--npc-navy);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(6,21,47,.25);\r\n  color: #fff;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-float.is-collapsed .cpse-npc-float__panel {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-float.is-collapsed .cpse-npc-float__tab {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Responsive *\/\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 1024px) {\r\n  .cpse-npc-scale {\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-scale__item:nth-child(3) {\r\n    border-top: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n    border-left: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-scale__item:nth-child(4) {\r\n    border-top: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-theme__body {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-paper-grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-impact-grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n  .cpse-npc-shell {\r\n    width: min(100% - 28px, 1180px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-section {\r\n    padding: 65px 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-hero {\r\n    min-height: 680px;\r\n    padding: 70px 0;\r\n    background-position: 64% center;\r\n    background-image:\r\n      linear-gradient(\r\n        90deg,\r\n        rgba(2,12,30,.98) 0%,\r\n        rgba(2,12,30,.89) 58%,\r\n        rgba(2,12,30,.48) 100%\r\n      ),\r\n      url(\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/hero_cosmology.png\");\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-hero h1 {\r\n    font-size: 39px !important;\r\n    letter-spacing: -1.4px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-hero__text {\r\n    font-size: 16px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-hero__actions {\r\n    align-items: stretch;\r\n    flex-direction: column;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-btn {\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-scale,\r\n  .cpse-npc-impact-grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-scale__item + .cpse-npc-scale__item {\r\n    border-top: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n    border-left: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-theme summary {\r\n    padding: 20px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-theme__short {\r\n    display: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-theme__body {\r\n    padding: 3px 20px 24px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-carousel__slide img {\r\n    height: 300px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-paper {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-paper__image {\r\n    height: 245px;\r\n    min-height: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-cta {\r\n    padding: 38px 25px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-float {\r\n    top: auto;\r\n    right: 12px;\r\n    bottom: 14px;\r\n    width: min(295px, calc(100vw - 24px));\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-float__panel {\r\n    max-height: 58vh;\r\n    overflow-y: auto;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-241fb8f e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-3b6d65c \" data-id=\"241fb8f\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"241fb8f\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-673f717 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"673f717\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cpse-npc-page\">\r\n  <section class=\"cpse-npc-hero\" id=\"npc-top\">\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-npc-shell\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-npc-hero__content\">\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"cpse-npc-hero__kicker\">\r\n          CPSE Research Area\r\n        <\/span>\r\n\r\n        <span class=\"cpse-npc-hero__badge\">\r\n          Matter \u00b7 Fundamental Forces \u00b7 Universe\r\n        <\/span>\r\n\r\n        <h1>\r\n          Nuclear, Particle Physics &amp; Cosmology\r\n        <\/h1>\r\n\r\n        <p class=\"cpse-npc-hero__text\">\r\n          Investigating nature from atomic nuclei and elementary\r\n          particles to the early universe, cosmic structures and\r\n          planetary systems.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"cpse-npc-hero__actions\">\r\n          <a\r\n            class=\"cpse-npc-btn cpse-npc-btn--orange\"\r\n            href=\"#npc-research-themes\"\r\n          >\r\n            Explore the research\r\n          <\/a>\r\n\r\n          <a\r\n            class=\"cpse-npc-btn cpse-npc-btn--outline\"\r\n            href=\"#npc-featured-research\"\r\n          >\r\n            Featured research\r\n          <\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <a\r\n  class=\"cpse-scroll-cue\"\r\n  href=\"#overview\"\r\n  aria-label=\"Scroll to the next section\"\r\n>\r\n  <span class=\"cpse-scroll-cue__mouse\">\r\n    <span class=\"cpse-scroll-cue__wheel\"><\/span>\r\n  <\/span>\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"cpse-scroll-cue__text\">\r\n    \r\n  <\/span>\r\n<\/a>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0aa088 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-8c32d82 \" data-id=\"f0aa088\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"f0aa088\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef29361 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ef29361\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cpse-npc-page\">\r\n  <section class=\"cpse-npc-section\" id=\"npc-overview\">\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-npc-shell cpse-npc-overview\">\r\n\r\n      <span class=\"cpse-npc-kicker\">\r\n        Research overview\r\n      <\/span>\r\n\r\n      <h2 class=\"cpse-npc-title\">\r\n        Understanding nature from its smallest constituents to\r\n        its largest structures\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        CPSE research connects nuclear and particle physics with\r\n        cosmology and astrophysics to investigate matter,\r\n        fundamental interactions and the evolution of the\r\n        universe.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        The work combines theoretical modeling, detector\r\n        development, high-energy experimental data, numerical\r\n        simulation and astronomical observation.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-npc-scale\">\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-scale__item\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-npc-scale__label\">\r\n            Fundamental scale\r\n          <\/span>\r\n          <h3>Elementary Particles<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            Fundamental particles, forces, collider measurements\r\n            and searches for physics beyond established models.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-scale__item\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-npc-scale__label\">\r\n            Nuclear scale\r\n          <\/span>\r\n          <h3>Atomic Nuclei<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            Nuclear systems, radiation, reactor research,\r\n            medical physics and nuclear applications.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-scale__item\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-npc-scale__label\">\r\n            Cosmic scale\r\n          <\/span>\r\n          <h3>Early Universe<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            Cosmic microwave background, inflation, dark matter,\r\n            dark energy and large-scale structure.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-scale__item\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-npc-scale__label\">\r\n            Planetary scale\r\n          <\/span>\r\n          <h3>Celestial Systems<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            Planets, moons, comets, asteroids, exoplanets and\r\n            the evolution of planetary systems.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-925f901 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-8331428 \" data-id=\"925f901\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"925f901\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c900e57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"c900e57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cpse-npc-page\">\r\n  <section\r\n    class=\"cpse-npc-section cpse-npc-section--soft\"\r\n    id=\"npc-research-themes\"\r\n  >\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-npc-shell\">\r\n\r\n      <span class=\"cpse-npc-kicker\">Research themes<\/span>\r\n\r\n      <h2 class=\"cpse-npc-title\">\r\n        Four complementary perspectives on matter and the\r\n        universe\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n\r\n      <p class=\"cpse-npc-intro\">\r\n        Open a research theme to explore its scientific\r\n        objectives, methods and original legacy images.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-npc-accordion\">\r\n\r\n        <!-- Particle Physics -->\r\n        <details class=\"cpse-npc-theme\">\r\n          <summary>\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-npc-theme__heading\">\r\n              <span class=\"cpse-npc-theme__icon\">PP<\/span>\r\n\r\n              <div>\r\n                <h3>Particle Physics<\/h3>\r\n                <span class=\"cpse-npc-theme__short\">\r\n                  Colliders, fundamental forces and new physics\r\n                <\/span>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-npc-theme__toggle\"><\/span>\r\n          <\/summary>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-npc-theme__body\">\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-npc-theme__copy\">\r\n              <p>\r\n                Particle physics investigates elementary\r\n                particles and fundamental interactions using\r\n                high-energy collision data, theoretical models\r\n                and advanced detector systems.\r\n              <\/p>\r\n\r\n              <p>\r\n                CPSE research contributes to precision\r\n                measurements and software development associated\r\n                with the ATLAS experiment at CERN.\r\n              <\/p>\r\n\r\n              <ul class=\"cpse-npc-list\">\r\n                <li>Precision measurement of the W-boson mass<\/li>\r\n                <li>ATLAS detector software and monitoring<\/li>\r\n                <li>High Granularity Timing Detector development<\/li>\r\n                <li>Light-by-light scattering<\/li>\r\n                <li>Searches for axion-like particles and new physics<\/li>\r\n              <\/ul>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel\" data-cpse-npc-carousel>\r\n              <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__viewport\">\r\n                <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__track\">\r\n\r\n                  <figure class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__slide\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                      src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/atlass_-detector-1.png\"\r\n                      alt=\"ATLAS detector at CERN\"\r\n                      loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    \/>\r\n                    <figcaption>\r\n                      The ATLAS detector used in high-energy\r\n                      particle-physics experiments\r\n                    <\/figcaption>\r\n                  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n                  <figure class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__slide\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                      src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/precision_W-boson.png\"\r\n                      alt=\"W boson mass measurements\"\r\n                      loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    \/>\r\n                    <figcaption>\r\n                      Comparison of precision W-boson mass\r\n                      measurements\r\n                    <\/figcaption>\r\n                  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n                  <figure class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__slide\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                      src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Picture2.emf_.jpg\"\r\n                      alt=\"Particle physics research diagram\"\r\n                      loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    \/>\r\n                    <figcaption>\r\n                      Particle-physics analysis and detector research\r\n                    <\/figcaption>\r\n                  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__controls\">\r\n                <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__arrows\">\r\n                  <button\r\n                    class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__button\"\r\n                    type=\"button\"\r\n                    data-npc-prev\r\n                  >&#8249;<\/button>\r\n\r\n                  <button\r\n                    class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__button\"\r\n                    type=\"button\"\r\n                    data-npc-next\r\n                  >&#8250;<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__dots\"><\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <!-- Nuclear Physics -->\r\n        <details class=\"cpse-npc-theme\">\r\n          <summary>\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-npc-theme__heading\">\r\n              <span class=\"cpse-npc-theme__icon\">NP<\/span>\r\n\r\n              <div>\r\n                <h3>Nuclear Physics<\/h3>\r\n                <span class=\"cpse-npc-theme__short\">\r\n                  Reactor systems, medical physics and plant imaging\r\n                <\/span>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-npc-theme__toggle\"><\/span>\r\n          <\/summary>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-npc-theme__body\">\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-npc-theme__copy\">\r\n              <p>\r\n                Nuclear-physics research connects fundamental\r\n                radiation science with reactor monitoring,\r\n                biomedical imaging and plant-science applications.\r\n              <\/p>\r\n\r\n              <p>\r\n                Experimental methods are combined with Monte Carlo\r\n                simulation and advanced detectors to improve safety,\r\n                diagnostics and quantitative imaging.\r\n              <\/p>\r\n\r\n              <ul class=\"cpse-npc-list\">\r\n                <li>Low-energy photon detection near nuclear reactors<\/li>\r\n                <li>Nuclear-reactor safety parameters<\/li>\r\n                <li>Medical imaging and radiation therapy<\/li>\r\n                <li>PET and MRI-based imaging concepts<\/li>\r\n                <li>Plant-water transport and plant diagnostics<\/li>\r\n              <\/ul>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel\" data-cpse-npc-carousel>\r\n              <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__viewport\">\r\n                <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__track\">\r\n\r\n                  <figure class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__slide\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                      src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nuclear_2.png\"\r\n                      alt=\"Nuclear reactor photon detection concept\"\r\n                      loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    \/>\r\n                    <figcaption>\r\n                      Low-energy photon detection for reactor\r\n                      monitoring research\r\n                    <\/figcaption>\r\n                  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n                  <figure class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__slide\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                      src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nuclear_1.png\"\r\n                      alt=\"PET plant imaging simulation\"\r\n                      loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    \/>\r\n                    <figcaption>\r\n                      PET imaging and Monte Carlo simulation for\r\n                      plant research\r\n                    <\/figcaption>\r\n                  <\/figure>\r\n                 <figure class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__slide\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                      src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/SMR.png\"\r\n                      alt=\"PET plant imaging simulation\"\r\n                      loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    \/>\r\n                    <figcaption>\r\n                      Configuration of SMR core\r\n                    <\/figcaption>\r\n                  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__controls\">\r\n                <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__arrows\">\r\n                  <button\r\n                    class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__button\"\r\n                    type=\"button\"\r\n                    data-npc-prev\r\n                  >&#8249;<\/button>\r\n\r\n                  <button\r\n                    class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__button\"\r\n                    type=\"button\"\r\n                    data-npc-next\r\n                  >&#8250;<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__dots\"><\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <!-- CMB -->\r\n        <details class=\"cpse-npc-theme\">\r\n          <summary>\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-npc-theme__heading\">\r\n              <span class=\"cpse-npc-theme__icon\">CMB<\/span>\r\n\r\n              <div>\r\n                <h3>Cosmology &amp; Cosmic Microwave Background<\/h3>\r\n                <span class=\"cpse-npc-theme__short\">\r\n                  The early universe, inflation and cosmic structure\r\n                <\/span>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-npc-theme__toggle\"><\/span>\r\n          <\/summary>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-npc-theme__body\">\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-npc-theme__copy\">\r\n              <p>\r\n                The cosmic microwave background provides a\r\n                snapshot of the universe approximately 380,000\r\n                years after the Big Bang.\r\n              <\/p>\r\n\r\n              <p>\r\n                Research uses its temperature and polarization\r\n                signatures to investigate the early universe,\r\n                inflation, cosmological parameters and the\r\n                formation of cosmic structure.\r\n              <\/p>\r\n\r\n              <ul class=\"cpse-npc-list\">\r\n                <li>Cosmic origins and the early universe<\/li>\r\n                <li>Inflationary cosmology and primordial B-modes<\/li>\r\n                <li>Dark matter and dark energy<\/li>\r\n                <li>CMB lensing and large-scale structure<\/li>\r\n                <li>Instrumentation, foreground separation and noise reduction<\/li>\r\n              <\/ul>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel\" data-cpse-npc-carousel>\r\n              <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__viewport\">\r\n                <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__track\">\r\n\r\n                  <figure class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__slide\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                      src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/cmb-1.png\"\r\n                      alt=\"Cosmic microwave background research themes\"\r\n                      loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    \/>\r\n                    <figcaption>\r\n                      Main research questions addressed through\r\n                      CMB observations\r\n                    <\/figcaption>\r\n                  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n                  <figure class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__slide\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                      src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/cmb-2.png\"\r\n                      alt=\"Cosmic microwave background map\"\r\n                      loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    \/>\r\n                    <figcaption>\r\n                      Temperature variations observed across the\r\n                      cosmic microwave background\r\n                    <\/figcaption>\r\n                  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__controls\">\r\n                <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__arrows\">\r\n                  <button\r\n                    class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__button\"\r\n                    type=\"button\"\r\n                    data-npc-prev\r\n                  >&#8249;<\/button>\r\n\r\n                  <button\r\n                    class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__button\"\r\n                    type=\"button\"\r\n                    data-npc-next\r\n                  >&#8250;<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__dots\"><\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <!-- Astrophysics -->\r\n        <details class=\"cpse-npc-theme\">\r\n          <summary>\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-npc-theme__heading\">\r\n              <span class=\"cpse-npc-theme__icon\">AP<\/span>\r\n\r\n              <div>\r\n                <h3>Astrophysics &amp; Planetary Science<\/h3>\r\n                <span class=\"cpse-npc-theme__short\">\r\n                  Planets, moons, comets, asteroids and exoplanets\r\n                <\/span>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-npc-theme__toggle\"><\/span>\r\n          <\/summary>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-npc-theme__body\">\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-npc-theme__copy\">\r\n              <p>\r\n                Astrophysics research examines planets, moons and\r\n                smaller celestial bodies to understand their\r\n                formation, physical properties and evolution.\r\n              <\/p>\r\n\r\n              <p>\r\n                Comets and asteroids preserve information about\r\n                conditions in the early solar system, while\r\n                exoplanets extend the investigation to planetary\r\n                systems beyond our own.\r\n              <\/p>\r\n\r\n              <ul class=\"cpse-npc-list\">\r\n                <li>Rocky planets and planetary atmospheres<\/li>\r\n                <li>Gas giants and their moons<\/li>\r\n                <li>Icy bodies and potential habitability<\/li>\r\n                <li>Asteroids and cometary activity<\/li>\r\n                <li>Exoplanets and planetary-system evolution<\/li>\r\n              <\/ul>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel\" data-cpse-npc-carousel>\r\n              <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__viewport\">\r\n                <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__track\">\r\n\r\n                  <figure class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__slide\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                      src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/astro_2.jpg\"\r\n                      alt=\"Formation of planetary systems and comets\"\r\n                      loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    \/>\r\n                    <figcaption>\r\n                      Planetary-system formation and cometary\r\n                      material processes\r\n                    <\/figcaption>\r\n                  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n                  <figure class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__slide\">\r\n                    <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                      src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/astro_1.png\"\r\n                      alt=\"Comet nucleus\"\r\n                      loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    \/>\r\n                    <figcaption>\r\n                      Observational study of a cometary nucleus\r\n                    <\/figcaption>\r\n                  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__controls\">\r\n                <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__arrows\">\r\n                  <button\r\n                    class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__button\"\r\n                    type=\"button\"\r\n                    data-npc-prev\r\n                  >&#8249;<\/button>\r\n\r\n                  <button\r\n                    class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__button\"\r\n                    type=\"button\"\r\n                    data-npc-next\r\n                  >&#8250;<\/button>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"cpse-npc-carousel__dots\"><\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function () {\r\n  function initializeNpcPage(scope) {\r\n    const container = scope || document;\r\n\r\n    \/* Accordions *\/\r\n    container\r\n      .querySelectorAll(\".cpse-npc-accordion\")\r\n      .forEach(function (accordion) {\r\n        if (accordion.dataset.npcReady === \"true\") return;\r\n\r\n        accordion.dataset.npcReady = \"true\";\r\n\r\n        const rows = accordion.querySelectorAll(\r\n          \".cpse-npc-theme\"\r\n        );\r\n\r\n        rows.forEach(function (row) {\r\n          row.addEventListener(\"toggle\", function () {\r\n            if (!row.open) return;\r\n\r\n            rows.forEach(function (otherRow) {\r\n              if (otherRow !== row) {\r\n                otherRow.removeAttribute(\"open\");\r\n              }\r\n            });\r\n          });\r\n        });\r\n      });\r\n\r\n    \/* Carousels *\/\r\n    container\r\n      .querySelectorAll(\"[data-cpse-npc-carousel]\")\r\n      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.querySelectorAll(\"[data-cpse-npc-menu]\")\r\n      .forEach(function (menu) {\r\n        if (menu.dataset.npcMenuReady === \"true\") return;\r\n\r\n        menu.dataset.npcMenuReady = \"true\";\r\n\r\n        const closeButton = menu.querySelector(\r\n          \"[data-npc-menu-close]\"\r\n        );\r\n\r\n        const openButton = menu.querySelector(\r\n          \"[data-npc-menu-open]\"\r\n        );\r\n\r\n        closeButton.addEventListener(\"click\", function () {\r\n          menu.classList.add(\"is-collapsed\");\r\n        });\r\n\r\n        openButton.addEventListener(\"click\", function () {\r\n          menu.classList.remove(\"is-collapsed\");\r\n        });\r\n      });\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  function startNpcPage() {\r\n    initializeNpcPage(document);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  if (document.readyState === \"loading\") {\r\n    document.addEventListener(\r\n      \"DOMContentLoaded\",\r\n      startNpcPage\r\n    );\r\n  } else {\r\n    startNpcPage();\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  window.addEventListener(\"load\", startNpcPage);\r\n\r\n  setTimeout(startNpcPage, 500);\r\n  setTimeout(startNpcPage, 1500);\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86b97d2 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-873a411 \" data-id=\"86b97d2\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"86b97d2\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-991899c elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"991899c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n\/* Larger Featured Research images *\/\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-paper {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-direction: column;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-paper__image {\r\n  display: block;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  height: 360px;\r\n  min-height: 360px;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--npc-border);\r\n  background: #f5f7fa;\r\n  object-fit: contain;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-npc-paper__body {\r\n  flex: 1;\r\n  padding: 28px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n  .cpse-npc-paper__image {\r\n    height: 280px;\r\n    min-height: 280px;\r\n    padding: 12px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-npc-paper__body {\r\n    padding: 23px;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<div class=\"cpse-npc-page\">\r\n  <section class=\"cpse-npc-section\" id=\"npc-featured-research\">\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-npc-shell\">\r\n\r\n      <span class=\"cpse-npc-kicker\">\r\n        Featured research\r\n      <\/span>\r\n\r\n      <h2 class=\"cpse-npc-title\">\r\n        From collider experiments to cosmic messengers and\r\n        planetary observations\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-npc-paper-grid\">\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-paper\">\r\n          <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n            class=\"cpse-npc-paper__image\"\r\n            src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/hEP.png\"\r\n            alt=\"ATLAS particle detector\"\r\n            loading=\"lazy\"\r\n          \/>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-npc-paper__body\">\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-npc-paper__label\">\r\n              Particle physics\r\n            <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <h3>\r\n              Searches for Extra-Dimensional Excitations in\r\n              Light-by-Light Scattering\r\n            <\/h3>\r\n\r\n            <p>\r\n              Research uses light-by-light scattering to explore\r\n              new particles, extra-dimensional models and physics\r\n              beyond established theories.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <a\r\n              class=\"cpse-npc-paper__link\"\r\n              href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/JHEP07(2026)001\"\r\n              target=\"_blank\"\r\n              rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\r\n            >\r\n              Explore the paper \u2197\r\n            <\/a>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-paper\">\r\n          <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n            class=\"cpse-npc-paper__image\"\r\n            src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/km3net.gif\"\r\n            alt=\"Cosmic observation data\"\r\n            loading=\"lazy\"\r\n          \/>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-npc-paper__body\">\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-npc-paper__label\">\r\n              Particle astrophysics\r\n            <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <h3>\r\n              Observation of an Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic\r\n              Neutrino with KM3NeT\r\n            <\/h3>\r\n\r\n            <p>\r\n              The international KM3NeT collaboration reported\r\n              the highest-energy neutrino observed at the time,\r\n              opening a new window on extreme cosmic phenomena.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <a\r\n              class=\"cpse-npc-paper__link\"\r\n              href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-08543-1\"\r\n              target=\"_blank\"\r\n              rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\r\n            >\r\n              Explore the paper \u2197\r\n            <\/a>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-paper\">\r\n          <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n            class=\"cpse-npc-paper__image\"\r\n            src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/nuclear_1.png\"\r\n            alt=\"PET plant imaging simulation\"\r\n            loading=\"lazy\"\r\n          \/>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-npc-paper__body\">\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-npc-paper__label\">\r\n              Nuclear and plant imaging\r\n            <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <h3>\r\n              Optimizing Positron Emission Tomography for\r\n              Accurate Plant Imaging\r\n            <\/h3>\r\n\r\n            <p>\r\n              GATE Monte Carlo simulations are used to correct\r\n              positron-range effects and improve the accuracy of\r\n              PET-based plant imaging.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <a\r\n              class=\"cpse-npc-paper__link\"\r\n              href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-95670-y\"\r\n              target=\"_blank\"\r\n              rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\r\n            >\r\n              Explore the paper \u2197\r\n            <\/a>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-paper\">\r\n          <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n            class=\"cpse-npc-paper__image\"\r\n            src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/moulan.png\"\r\n            alt=\"Comet nucleus\"\r\n            loading=\"lazy\"\r\n          \/>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-npc-paper__body\">\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-npc-paper__label\">\r\n              Planetary science\r\n            <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <h3>\r\n              Watching a Comet Turn On: Observations of\r\n              Comet C\/2017 K2\r\n            <\/h3>\r\n\r\n            <p>\r\n              High-resolution spectroscopy follows the emergence\r\n              of gas activity as the comet approaches the Sun,\r\n              revealing the evolution of its volatile components.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n\r\n            <a\r\n              class=\"cpse-npc-paper__link\"\r\n              href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3847\/PSJ\/ae19ec\"\r\n              target=\"_blank\"\r\n              rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\r\n            >\r\n              Explore the paper \u2197\r\n            <\/a>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de96087 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-0a3dee4 \" data-id=\"de96087\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"de96087\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af298a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"af298a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cpse-npc-page\">\r\n  <section\r\n    class=\"cpse-npc-section cpse-npc-section--soft\"\r\n    id=\"npc-impact\"\r\n  >\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-npc-shell\">\r\n\r\n      <span class=\"cpse-npc-kicker\">\r\n        Research impact\r\n      <\/span>\r\n\r\n      <h2 class=\"cpse-npc-title\">\r\n        Connecting fundamental discovery with advanced\r\n        applications\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-npc-impact-grid\">\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-impact\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-npc-impact__mark\">01<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Fundamental Physics<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            Precision tests of particles, forces and theoretical\r\n            models describing the physical universe.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-impact\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-npc-impact__mark\">02<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Detector Technologies<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            Instrumentation, timing systems, radiation detectors\r\n            and experimental data-acquisition technologies.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-impact\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-npc-impact__mark\">03<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Scientific Computing<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            Monte Carlo simulation, numerical modeling,\r\n            reconstruction and large-scale data analysis.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-impact\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-npc-impact__mark\">04<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Healthcare<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            Medical imaging, radiation diagnostics and improved\r\n            understanding of radiation\u2013matter interactions.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-impact\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-npc-impact__mark\">05<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Agriculture<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            Non-invasive plant imaging, water-transport studies\r\n            and simulation-supported plant diagnostics.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-npc-impact\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-npc-impact__mark\">06<\/span>\r\n          <h3>International Science<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            Participation in international experiments and\r\n            collaborations including CERN-ATLAS and KM3NeT.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8942979 e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-9dd83ab \" data-id=\"8942979\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"8942979\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0096943 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0096943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cpse-npc-page\">\r\n  <aside\r\n    class=\"cpse-npc-float\"\r\n    data-cpse-npc-menu\r\n    aria-label=\"Page navigation\"\r\n  >\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-npc-float__panel\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-npc-float__head\">\r\n        <span>On this page<\/span>\r\n\r\n        <button\r\n          class=\"cpse-npc-float__close\"\r\n          type=\"button\"\r\n          data-npc-menu-close\r\n          aria-label=\"Close navigation\"\r\n        >\r\n          \u00d7\r\n        <\/button>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <nav class=\"cpse-npc-float__links\">\r\n        <a href=\"#npc-overview\">Research overview<\/a>\r\n        <a href=\"#npc-research-themes\">Research themes<\/a>\r\n        <a href=\"#npc-featured-research\">Featured papers<\/a>\r\n        <a href=\"#npc-impact\">Research impact<\/a>\r\n      <\/nav>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <button\r\n      class=\"cpse-npc-float__tab\"\r\n      type=\"button\"\r\n      data-npc-menu-open\r\n    >\r\n      On this page\r\n    <\/button>\r\n  <\/aside>\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CPSE Research Area Matter \u00b7 Fundamental Forces \u00b7 Universe Nuclear, Particle Physics &amp; Cosmology Investigating nature from atomic nuclei and elementary particles to the&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":431,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1094","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1094","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1094"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1288,"href":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1094\/revisions\/1288"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}