{"id":431,"date":"2026-07-07T16:40:42","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T16:40:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/research\/"},"modified":"2026-09-14T14:55:25","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T14:55:25","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/physicsschool.um6p.ma\/?page_id=431","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"431\" class=\"elementor elementor-431\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c14371b e-con e-atomic-element e-flexbox-base e-7d058b5 \" data-id=\"c14371b\" data-element_type=\"e-flexbox\" data-e-type=\"e-flexbox\" data-interaction-id=\"c14371b\">\n    \t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd627d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"fd627d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n  CPSE RESEARCH PAGE \u2014 ELEMENTOR HTML\r\n  Paste the complete file into one Elementor HTML widget.\r\n  Keeping it in one widget lets the floating menu remain sticky across the whole page.\r\n  Update root-relative WordPress slugs such as \/research\/publications\/ if your actual slugs differ.\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n     WIDGET 1 \u2014 SHARED STYLES\r\n     ========================= -->\r\n<style>\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\r\n\r\nhtml {\r\n  scroll-behavior: smooth;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page {\r\n  --cpse-navy: #071a3d;\r\n  --cpse-orange: #ca5235;\r\n  --cpse-white: #ffffff;\r\n  --cpse-soft: #f5f5f3;\r\n  --cpse-line: #deded9;\r\n  --cpse-text: #384152;\r\n  --cpse-sticky-offset: 92px;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  overflow: visible;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-family: 'Poppins', Arial, sans-serif;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page,\r\n.cpse-research-page * {\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page h1,\r\n.cpse-research-page h2,\r\n.cpse-research-page h3,\r\n.cpse-research-page h4,\r\n.cpse-research-page p {\r\n  margin-top: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-shell {\r\n  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\r\n  margin-inline: auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-section {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  padding: 92px 0;\r\n  scroll-margin-top: 160px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-section--soft {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-kicker {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 10px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .12em;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-kicker::before {\r\n  width: 34px;\r\n  height: 3px;\r\n  background: currentColor;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-title {\r\n  max-width: 820px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: clamp(34px, 4.4vw, 58px);\r\n  line-height: 1.08;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.04em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-title--small {\r\n  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.4vw, 46px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-intro {\r\n  max-width: 820px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 42px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  min-height: 52px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: center;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  padding: 13px 22px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white) !important;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, background .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn:hover {\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(7, 26, 61, .16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn--outline {\r\n  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);\r\n  background: transparent;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn--light {\r\n  border-color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn__arrow {\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n  line-height: 1;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn:hover .cpse-r-btn__arrow {\r\n  transform: translateX(3px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Hero *\/\r\n.cpse-r-hero {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  isolation: isolate;\r\n  min-height: 690px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::before,\r\n.cpse-r-hero::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  z-index: -1;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .13);\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::before {\r\n  width: 720px;\r\n  height: 720px;\r\n  top: -330px;\r\n  right: -170px;\r\n  box-shadow: 0 0 0 70px rgba(255, 255, 255, .025), 0 0 0 140px rgba(255, 255, 255, .018);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::after {\r\n  width: 270px;\r\n  height: 270px;\r\n  bottom: -170px;\r\n  left: 8%;\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .55);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(320px, .75fr);\r\n  gap: 80px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  padding: 105px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero .cpse-r-kicker {\r\n  color: #f28b70;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero h1 {\r\n  max-width: 760px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 24px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: clamp(48px, 7vw, 86px);\r\n  line-height: .98;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.055em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__lead {\r\n  max-width: 680px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);\r\n  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.8vw, 21px);\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-actions {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);\r\n  border-radius: 28px;\r\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .055);\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map span {\r\n  min-height: 112px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: flex-end;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .12);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .9);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  line-height: 1.4;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map span:first-child {\r\n  grid-column: 1 \/ -1;\r\n  min-height: 142px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 21px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Floating page menu *\/\r\n.cpse-r-floating-wrap {\r\n  position: sticky;\r\n  z-index: 80;\r\n  top: var(--cpse-sticky-offset);\r\n  margin-top: -30px;\r\n  pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating {\r\n  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 5px;\r\n  margin-inline: auto;\r\n  padding: 7px;\r\n  overflow-x: auto;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .96);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 46px rgba(7, 26, 61, .13);\r\n  scrollbar-width: none;\r\n  pointer-events: auto;\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating::-webkit-scrollbar {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating a {\r\n  flex: 1 0 auto;\r\n  padding: 12px 17px;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-align: center;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  white-space: nowrap;\r\n  transition: background .2s ease, color .2s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating a:hover,\r\n.cpse-r-floating a.is-active {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Mission *\/\r\n.cpse-r-mission-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1.1fr .9fr;\r\n  gap: 70px;\r\n  align-items: start;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-mission-copy p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  line-height: 1.8;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principles {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle {\r\n  padding: 24px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-left: 4px solid var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  border-radius: 0 16px 16px 0;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 6px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.65;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Research pillar accordion *\/\r\n.cpse-r-pillars {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  transition: border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar:hover,\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] {\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .55);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(7, 26, 61, .09);\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar summary {\r\n  min-height: 116px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0, 1fr) 42px;\r\n  gap: 22px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  padding: 24px 28px;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  list-style: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar summary::-webkit-details-marker {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n  width: 58px;\r\n  height: 58px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .08em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] .cpse-r-pillar__mark,\r\n.cpse-r-pillar:hover .cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__heading h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 7px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 29px);\r\n  line-height: 1.25;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__heading p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.55;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n  width: 38px;\r\n  height: 38px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 23px;\r\n  font-weight: 500;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] .cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n  transform: rotate(45deg);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__body {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.15fr;\r\n  gap: 36px;\r\n  padding: 0 28px 30px 108px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__body > p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 15px;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-topic-list {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  align-content: flex-start;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-topic-list span {\r\n  padding: 9px 12px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 600;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Shared card grids *\/\r\n.cpse-r-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-grid--3 {\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-grid--4 {\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  min-height: 245px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-direction: column;\r\n  padding: 28px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, border-color .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card:hover {\r\n  transform: translateY(-5px);\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .5);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(7, 26, 61, .1);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__eyebrow {\r\n  display: inline-block;\r\n  margin-bottom: 28px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .1em;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 20px;\r\n  line-height: 1.35;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__link {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n  margin-top: auto;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange) !important;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__link:hover {\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Capabilities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-capability {\r\n  min-height: 190px;\r\n  padding-top: 34px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-capability::before {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  top: 0;\r\n  left: 28px;\r\n  width: 48px;\r\n  height: 4px;\r\n  border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Projects *\/\r\n.cpse-r-project {\r\n  min-height: 310px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-project::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  right: -52px;\r\n  bottom: -52px;\r\n  width: 135px;\r\n  height: 135px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(7, 26, 61, .1);\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Facilities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-facility {\r\n  min-height: 285px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-facility__code {\r\n  width: 54px;\r\n  height: 54px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  margin-bottom: 26px;\r\n  border-radius: 14px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .06em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-facility:hover .cpse-r-facility__code {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Publications *\/\r\n.cpse-r-dark {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-dark .cpse-r-title,\r\n.cpse-r-dark h3 {\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-dark .cpse-r-intro {\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .72);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output {\r\n  min-height: 130px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: flex-end;\r\n  padding: 20px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);\r\n  border-radius: 16px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 15px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output:hover {\r\n  border-color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  background: rgba(202, 82, 53, .16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Community *\/\r\n.cpse-r-community-card {\r\n  min-height: 225px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Partnership \/ impact *\/\r\n.cpse-r-impact-layout {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: .82fr 1.18fr;\r\n  gap: 56px;\r\n  align-items: start;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout {\r\n  padding: 34px;\r\n  border-radius: 24px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .76);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 27px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-list {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item {\r\n  min-height: 170px;\r\n  padding: 24px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 9px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  line-height: 1.65;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Opportunities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-opportunity {\r\n  min-height: 270px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-opportunity__tag {\r\n  width: fit-content;\r\n  margin-bottom: 32px;\r\n  padding: 7px 10px;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Final CTA *\/\r\n.cpse-r-cta {\r\n  padding: 78px 0;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta__inner {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 42px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta h2 {\r\n  max-width: 680px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 54px);\r\n  line-height: 1.12;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.035em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta p {\r\n  max-width: 700px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .82);\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Responsive *\/\r\n@media (max-width: 1024px) {\r\n  .cpse-research-page {\r\n    --cpse-sticky-offset: 78px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-mission-grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-impact-layout {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n    gap: 44px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__map {\r\n    max-width: 650px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--4,\r\n  .cpse-r-output-grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n  .cpse-research-page {\r\n    --cpse-sticky-offset: 8px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-shell {\r\n    width: min(100% - 28px, 1180px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-section {\r\n    padding: 68px 0;\r\n    scroll-margin-top: 108px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero {\r\n    min-height: auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\r\n    padding: 78px 0 94px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero h1 {\r\n    font-size: clamp(44px, 14vw, 66px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__map span {\r\n    min-height: 92px;\r\n    padding: 14px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating-wrap {\r\n    margin-top: -25px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating {\r\n    width: calc(100% - 20px);\r\n    justify-content: flex-start;\r\n    border-radius: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating a {\r\n    flex: 0 0 auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--3,\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--4,\r\n  .cpse-r-output-grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-impact-list {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar summary {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr) 34px;\r\n    gap: 12px;\r\n    min-height: 104px;\r\n    padding: 20px 16px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n    width: 44px;\r\n    height: 44px;\r\n    font-size: 10px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__heading h3 {\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__heading p {\r\n    display: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n    width: 32px;\r\n    height: 32px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__body {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    gap: 22px;\r\n    padding: 0 18px 24px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-card {\r\n    min-height: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-cta__inner {\r\n    display: block;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-cta .cpse-r-actions {\r\n    margin-top: 28px;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n  html {\r\n    scroll-behavior: auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-research-page *,\r\n  .cpse-research-page *::before,\r\n  .cpse-research-page *::after {\r\n    scroll-behavior: auto !important;\r\n    transition: none !important;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cpse-research-page\" id=\"research-top\">\r\n\r\n  <!-- =========================\r\n       WIDGET 2 \u2014 HERO\r\n       ========================= -->\r\n  <section id=\"research-overview\" class=\"cpse-r-hero\">\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-r-shell cpse-r-hero__grid\">\r\n      <div>\r\n        <span class=\"cpse-r-kicker\">Research at CPSE<\/span>\r\n        <h1>Science that moves ideas forward.<\/h1>\r\n        <p class=\"cpse-r-hero__lead\">\r\n          CPSE brings together fundamental physics, advanced experimentation,\r\n          engineering and computation to address major challenges in materials,\r\n          space, energy, industry and sustainable development.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"cpse-r-actions\">\r\n          <a class=\"cpse-r-btn\" href=\"#research-areas\">\r\n            Explore research areas\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-btn__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n\r\n          <a class=\"cpse-r-btn cpse-r-btn--outline\" href=\"#partnerships\">\r\n            Collaborate with CPSE\r\n          <\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-r-hero__map\" aria-label=\"CPSE research approach\">\r\n        <span>From fundamental discovery to sustainable engineering<\/span>\r\n        <span>Experimental science<\/span>\r\n        <span>Advanced engineering<\/span>\r\n        <span>Computation &amp; data<\/span>\r\n        <span>Industrial impact<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n     WIDGET 10 \u2014 LIGHTWEIGHT INTERACTIONS\r\n     ========================= -->\r\n<script>\r\n(function () {\r\n  const page = document.querySelector('.cpse-research-page');\r\n  if (!page) return;\r\n\r\n  \/* Keep only one research pillar open at a time. None is open initially. *\/\r\n  const pillars = page.querySelectorAll('.cpse-r-pillar');\r\n  pillars.forEach(function (pillar) {\r\n    pillar.addEventListener('toggle', function () {\r\n      if (!pillar.open) return;\r\n      pillars.forEach(function (other) {\r\n        if (other !== pillar) other.removeAttribute('open');\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* Highlight the current section in the floating menu. *\/\r\n  const navLinks = page.querySelectorAll('.cpse-r-floating a[href^=\"#\"]');\r\n  const sections = [];\r\n\r\n  navLinks.forEach(function (link) {\r\n    const section = document.querySelector(link.getAttribute('href'));\r\n    if (section) sections.push({ section: section, link: link });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  if ('IntersectionObserver' in window && sections.length) {\r\n    const observer = new IntersectionObserver(function (entries) {\r\n      entries.forEach(function (entry) {\r\n        if (!entry.isIntersecting) return;\r\n        navLinks.forEach(function (link) { link.classList.remove('is-active'); });\r\n        const match = sections.find(function (item) { return item.section === entry.target; });\r\n        if (match) {\r\n          match.link.classList.add('is-active');\r\n          match.link.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest', inline: 'center' });\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    }, { rootMargin: '-35% 0px -58% 0px', threshold: 0 });\r\n\r\n    sections.forEach(function (item) { observer.observe(item.section); });\r\n  }\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abce30b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"abce30b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n  CPSE RESEARCH PAGE \u2014 ELEMENTOR HTML\r\n  Paste the complete file into one Elementor HTML widget.\r\n  Keeping it in one widget lets the floating menu remain sticky across the whole page.\r\n  Update root-relative WordPress slugs such as \/research\/publications\/ if your actual slugs differ.\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n     WIDGET 1 \u2014 SHARED STYLES\r\n     ========================= -->\r\n<style>\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\r\n\r\nhtml {\r\n  scroll-behavior: smooth;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page {\r\n  --cpse-navy: #071a3d;\r\n  --cpse-orange: #ca5235;\r\n  --cpse-white: #ffffff;\r\n  --cpse-soft: #f5f5f3;\r\n  --cpse-line: #deded9;\r\n  --cpse-text: #384152;\r\n  --cpse-sticky-offset: 92px;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  overflow: visible;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-family: 'Poppins', Arial, sans-serif;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page,\r\n.cpse-research-page * {\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page h1,\r\n.cpse-research-page h2,\r\n.cpse-research-page h3,\r\n.cpse-research-page h4,\r\n.cpse-research-page p {\r\n  margin-top: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-shell {\r\n  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\r\n  margin-inline: auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-section {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  padding: 92px 0;\r\n  scroll-margin-top: 160px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-section--soft {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-kicker {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 10px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .12em;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-kicker::before {\r\n  width: 34px;\r\n  height: 3px;\r\n  background: currentColor;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-title {\r\n  max-width: 820px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: clamp(34px, 4.4vw, 58px);\r\n  line-height: 1.08;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.04em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-title--small {\r\n  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.4vw, 46px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-intro {\r\n  max-width: 820px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 42px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  min-height: 52px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: center;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  padding: 13px 22px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white) !important;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, background .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn:hover {\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(7, 26, 61, .16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn--outline {\r\n  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);\r\n  background: transparent;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn--light {\r\n  border-color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn__arrow {\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n  line-height: 1;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn:hover .cpse-r-btn__arrow {\r\n  transform: translateX(3px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Hero *\/\r\n.cpse-r-hero {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  isolation: isolate;\r\n  min-height: 690px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::before,\r\n.cpse-r-hero::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  z-index: -1;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .13);\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::before {\r\n  width: 720px;\r\n  height: 720px;\r\n  top: -330px;\r\n  right: -170px;\r\n  box-shadow: 0 0 0 70px rgba(255, 255, 255, .025), 0 0 0 140px rgba(255, 255, 255, .018);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::after {\r\n  width: 270px;\r\n  height: 270px;\r\n  bottom: -170px;\r\n  left: 8%;\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .55);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(320px, .75fr);\r\n  gap: 80px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  padding: 105px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero .cpse-r-kicker {\r\n  color: #f28b70;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero h1 {\r\n  max-width: 760px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 24px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: clamp(48px, 7vw, 86px);\r\n  line-height: .98;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.055em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__lead {\r\n  max-width: 680px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);\r\n  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.8vw, 21px);\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-actions {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);\r\n  border-radius: 28px;\r\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .055);\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map span {\r\n  min-height: 112px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: flex-end;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .12);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .9);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  line-height: 1.4;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map span:first-child {\r\n  grid-column: 1 \/ -1;\r\n  min-height: 142px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 21px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Floating page menu *\/\r\n.cpse-r-floating-wrap {\r\n  position: sticky;\r\n  z-index: 80;\r\n  top: var(--cpse-sticky-offset);\r\n  margin-top: -30px;\r\n  pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating {\r\n  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 5px;\r\n  margin-inline: auto;\r\n  padding: 7px;\r\n  overflow-x: auto;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .96);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 46px rgba(7, 26, 61, .13);\r\n  scrollbar-width: none;\r\n  pointer-events: auto;\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating::-webkit-scrollbar {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating a {\r\n  flex: 1 0 auto;\r\n  padding: 12px 17px;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-align: center;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  white-space: nowrap;\r\n  transition: background .2s ease, color .2s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating a:hover,\r\n.cpse-r-floating a.is-active {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Mission *\/\r\n.cpse-r-mission-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1.1fr .9fr;\r\n  gap: 70px;\r\n  align-items: start;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-mission-copy p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  line-height: 1.8;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principles {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle {\r\n  padding: 24px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-left: 4px solid var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  border-radius: 0 16px 16px 0;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 6px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.65;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Research pillar accordion *\/\r\n.cpse-r-pillars {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  transition: border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar:hover,\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] {\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .55);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(7, 26, 61, .09);\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar summary {\r\n  min-height: 116px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0, 1fr) 42px;\r\n  gap: 22px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  padding: 24px 28px;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  list-style: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar summary::-webkit-details-marker {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n  width: 58px;\r\n  height: 58px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .08em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] .cpse-r-pillar__mark,\r\n.cpse-r-pillar:hover .cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__heading h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 7px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 29px);\r\n  line-height: 1.25;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__heading p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.55;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n  width: 38px;\r\n  height: 38px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 23px;\r\n  font-weight: 500;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] .cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n  transform: rotate(45deg);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__body {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.15fr;\r\n  gap: 36px;\r\n  padding: 0 28px 30px 108px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__body > p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 15px;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-topic-list {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  align-content: flex-start;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-topic-list span {\r\n  padding: 9px 12px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 600;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Shared card grids *\/\r\n.cpse-r-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-grid--3 {\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-grid--4 {\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  min-height: 245px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-direction: column;\r\n  padding: 28px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, border-color .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card:hover {\r\n  transform: translateY(-5px);\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .5);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(7, 26, 61, .1);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__eyebrow {\r\n  display: inline-block;\r\n  margin-bottom: 28px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .1em;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 20px;\r\n  line-height: 1.35;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__link {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n  margin-top: auto;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange) !important;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__link:hover {\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Capabilities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-capability {\r\n  min-height: 190px;\r\n  padding-top: 34px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-capability::before {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  top: 0;\r\n  left: 28px;\r\n  width: 48px;\r\n  height: 4px;\r\n  border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Projects *\/\r\n.cpse-r-project {\r\n  min-height: 310px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-project::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  right: -52px;\r\n  bottom: -52px;\r\n  width: 135px;\r\n  height: 135px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(7, 26, 61, .1);\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Facilities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-facility {\r\n  min-height: 285px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-facility__code {\r\n  width: 54px;\r\n  height: 54px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  margin-bottom: 26px;\r\n  border-radius: 14px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .06em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-facility:hover .cpse-r-facility__code {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Publications *\/\r\n.cpse-r-dark {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-dark .cpse-r-title,\r\n.cpse-r-dark h3 {\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-dark .cpse-r-intro {\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .72);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output {\r\n  min-height: 130px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: flex-end;\r\n  padding: 20px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);\r\n  border-radius: 16px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 15px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output:hover {\r\n  border-color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  background: rgba(202, 82, 53, .16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Community *\/\r\n.cpse-r-community-card {\r\n  min-height: 225px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Partnership \/ impact *\/\r\n.cpse-r-impact-layout {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: .82fr 1.18fr;\r\n  gap: 56px;\r\n  align-items: start;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout {\r\n  padding: 34px;\r\n  border-radius: 24px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .76);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 27px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-list {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item {\r\n  min-height: 170px;\r\n  padding: 24px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 9px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  line-height: 1.65;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Opportunities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-opportunity {\r\n  min-height: 270px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-opportunity__tag {\r\n  width: fit-content;\r\n  margin-bottom: 32px;\r\n  padding: 7px 10px;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Final CTA *\/\r\n.cpse-r-cta {\r\n  padding: 78px 0;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta__inner {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 42px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta h2 {\r\n  max-width: 680px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 54px);\r\n  line-height: 1.12;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.035em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta p {\r\n  max-width: 700px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .82);\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Responsive *\/\r\n@media (max-width: 1024px) {\r\n  .cpse-research-page {\r\n    --cpse-sticky-offset: 78px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-mission-grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-impact-layout {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n    gap: 44px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__map {\r\n    max-width: 650px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--4,\r\n  .cpse-r-output-grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n  .cpse-research-page {\r\n    --cpse-sticky-offset: 8px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-shell {\r\n    width: min(100% - 28px, 1180px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-section {\r\n    padding: 68px 0;\r\n    scroll-margin-top: 108px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero {\r\n    min-height: auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\r\n    padding: 78px 0 94px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero h1 {\r\n    font-size: clamp(44px, 14vw, 66px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__map span {\r\n    min-height: 92px;\r\n    padding: 14px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating-wrap {\r\n    margin-top: -25px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating {\r\n    width: calc(100% - 20px);\r\n    justify-content: flex-start;\r\n    border-radius: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating a {\r\n    flex: 0 0 auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--3,\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--4,\r\n  .cpse-r-output-grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-impact-list {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar summary {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr) 34px;\r\n    gap: 12px;\r\n    min-height: 104px;\r\n    padding: 20px 16px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n    width: 44px;\r\n    height: 44px;\r\n    font-size: 10px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__heading h3 {\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__heading p {\r\n    display: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n    width: 32px;\r\n    height: 32px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__body {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    gap: 22px;\r\n    padding: 0 18px 24px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-card {\r\n    min-height: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-cta__inner {\r\n    display: block;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-cta .cpse-r-actions {\r\n    margin-top: 28px;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n  html {\r\n    scroll-behavior: auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-research-page *,\r\n  .cpse-research-page *::before,\r\n  .cpse-research-page *::after {\r\n    scroll-behavior: auto !important;\r\n    transition: none !important;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cpse-research-page\" >\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n       WIDGET 3 \u2014 MISSION\r\n       ========================= -->\r\n  <section class=\"cpse-r-section cpse-r-section--soft\" aria-labelledby=\"cpse-research-mission-title\" id=\"research-mission\">\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-r-shell cpse-r-mission-grid\">\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-r-mission-copy\">\r\n        <span class=\"cpse-r-kicker\">Our research mission<\/span>\r\n        <h2 id=\"cpse-research-mission-title\" class=\"cpse-r-title cpse-r-title--small\">\r\n          One college. Multiple disciplines. Shared impact.\r\n        <\/h2>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n          Research at CPSE connects physical sciences with engineering practice.\r\n          Our community investigates matter, energy, light, complex systems and\r\n          space while developing technologies for cleaner energy, intelligent\r\n          industry and a more sustainable future.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n          This unified approach encourages researchers, students and partners to\r\n          work across traditional disciplinary boundaries\u2014from theoretical models\r\n          and laboratory experiments to prototypes and real-world deployment.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-r-principles\">\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-principle\">\r\n          <h3>Discover<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Advance knowledge through fundamental, theoretical and experimental research.<\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-principle\">\r\n          <h3>Engineer<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Turn scientific understanding into instruments, systems and practical technologies.<\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-principle\">\r\n          <h3>Translate<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Connect research to industrial, environmental and societal challenges.<\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n     WIDGET 10 \u2014 LIGHTWEIGHT INTERACTIONS\r\n     ========================= -->\r\n<script>\r\n(function () {\r\n  const page = document.querySelector('.cpse-research-page');\r\n  if (!page) return;\r\n\r\n  \/* Keep only one research pillar open at a time. None is open initially. *\/\r\n  const pillars = page.querySelectorAll('.cpse-r-pillar');\r\n  pillars.forEach(function (pillar) {\r\n    pillar.addEventListener('toggle', function () {\r\n      if (!pillar.open) return;\r\n      pillars.forEach(function (other) {\r\n        if (other !== pillar) other.removeAttribute('open');\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* Highlight the current section in the floating menu. *\/\r\n  const navLinks = page.querySelectorAll('.cpse-r-floating a[href^=\"#\"]');\r\n  const sections = [];\r\n\r\n  navLinks.forEach(function (link) {\r\n    const section = document.querySelector(link.getAttribute('href'));\r\n    if (section) sections.push({ section: section, link: link });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  if ('IntersectionObserver' in window && sections.length) {\r\n    const observer = new IntersectionObserver(function (entries) {\r\n      entries.forEach(function (entry) {\r\n        if (!entry.isIntersecting) return;\r\n        navLinks.forEach(function (link) { link.classList.remove('is-active'); });\r\n        const match = sections.find(function (item) { return item.section === entry.target; });\r\n        if (match) {\r\n          match.link.classList.add('is-active');\r\n          match.link.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest', inline: 'center' });\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    }, { rootMargin: '-35% 0px -58% 0px', threshold: 0 });\r\n\r\n    sections.forEach(function (item) { observer.observe(item.section); });\r\n  }\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4546d0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4546d0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n  CPSE RESEARCH PAGE \u2014 ELEMENTOR HTML\r\n  Paste the complete file into one Elementor HTML widget.\r\n  Keeping it in one widget lets the floating menu remain sticky across the whole page.\r\n  Update root-relative WordPress slugs such as \/research\/publications\/ if your actual slugs differ.\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n     WIDGET 1 \u2014 SHARED STYLES\r\n     ========================= -->\r\n<style>\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\r\n\r\nhtml {\r\n  scroll-behavior: smooth;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page {\r\n  --cpse-navy: #071a3d;\r\n  --cpse-orange: #ca5235;\r\n  --cpse-white: #ffffff;\r\n  --cpse-soft: #f5f5f3;\r\n  --cpse-line: #deded9;\r\n  --cpse-text: #384152;\r\n  --cpse-sticky-offset: 92px;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  overflow: visible;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-family: 'Poppins', Arial, sans-serif;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page,\r\n.cpse-research-page * {\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page h1,\r\n.cpse-research-page h2,\r\n.cpse-research-page h3,\r\n.cpse-research-page h4,\r\n.cpse-research-page p {\r\n  margin-top: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-shell {\r\n  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\r\n  margin-inline: auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-section {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  padding: 92px 0;\r\n  scroll-margin-top: 160px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-section--soft {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-kicker {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 10px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .12em;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-kicker::before {\r\n  width: 34px;\r\n  height: 3px;\r\n  background: currentColor;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-title {\r\n  max-width: 820px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: clamp(34px, 4.4vw, 58px);\r\n  line-height: 1.08;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.04em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-title--small {\r\n  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.4vw, 46px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-intro {\r\n  max-width: 820px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 42px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  min-height: 52px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: center;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  padding: 13px 22px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white) !important;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, background .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn:hover {\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(7, 26, 61, .16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn--outline {\r\n  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);\r\n  background: transparent;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn--light {\r\n  border-color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn__arrow {\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n  line-height: 1;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn:hover .cpse-r-btn__arrow {\r\n  transform: translateX(3px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Hero *\/\r\n.cpse-r-hero {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  isolation: isolate;\r\n  min-height: 690px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::before,\r\n.cpse-r-hero::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  z-index: -1;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .13);\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::before {\r\n  width: 720px;\r\n  height: 720px;\r\n  top: -330px;\r\n  right: -170px;\r\n  box-shadow: 0 0 0 70px rgba(255, 255, 255, .025), 0 0 0 140px rgba(255, 255, 255, .018);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::after {\r\n  width: 270px;\r\n  height: 270px;\r\n  bottom: -170px;\r\n  left: 8%;\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .55);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(320px, .75fr);\r\n  gap: 80px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  padding: 105px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero .cpse-r-kicker {\r\n  color: #f28b70;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero h1 {\r\n  max-width: 760px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 24px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: clamp(48px, 7vw, 86px);\r\n  line-height: .98;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.055em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__lead {\r\n  max-width: 680px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);\r\n  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.8vw, 21px);\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-actions {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);\r\n  border-radius: 28px;\r\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .055);\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map span {\r\n  min-height: 112px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: flex-end;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .12);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .9);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  line-height: 1.4;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map span:first-child {\r\n  grid-column: 1 \/ -1;\r\n  min-height: 142px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 21px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Floating page menu *\/\r\n.cpse-r-floating-wrap {\r\n  position: sticky;\r\n  z-index: 80;\r\n  top: var(--cpse-sticky-offset);\r\n  margin-top: -30px;\r\n  pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating {\r\n  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 5px;\r\n  margin-inline: auto;\r\n  padding: 7px;\r\n  overflow-x: auto;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .96);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 46px rgba(7, 26, 61, .13);\r\n  scrollbar-width: none;\r\n  pointer-events: auto;\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating::-webkit-scrollbar {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating a {\r\n  flex: 1 0 auto;\r\n  padding: 12px 17px;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-align: center;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  white-space: nowrap;\r\n  transition: background .2s ease, color .2s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating a:hover,\r\n.cpse-r-floating a.is-active {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Mission *\/\r\n.cpse-r-mission-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1.1fr .9fr;\r\n  gap: 70px;\r\n  align-items: start;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-mission-copy p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  line-height: 1.8;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principles {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle {\r\n  padding: 24px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-left: 4px solid var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  border-radius: 0 16px 16px 0;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 6px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.65;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Research pillar accordion *\/\r\n.cpse-r-pillars {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  transition: border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar:hover,\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] {\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .55);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(7, 26, 61, .09);\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar summary {\r\n  min-height: 116px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0, 1fr) 42px;\r\n  gap: 22px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  padding: 24px 28px;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  list-style: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar summary::-webkit-details-marker {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n  width: 58px;\r\n  height: 58px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .08em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] .cpse-r-pillar__mark,\r\n.cpse-r-pillar:hover .cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__heading h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 7px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 29px);\r\n  line-height: 1.25;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__heading p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.55;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n  width: 38px;\r\n  height: 38px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 23px;\r\n  font-weight: 500;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] .cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n  transform: rotate(45deg);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__body {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.15fr;\r\n  gap: 36px;\r\n  padding: 0 28px 30px 108px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__body > p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 15px;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-topic-list {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  align-content: flex-start;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-topic-list span {\r\n  padding: 9px 12px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 600;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Shared card grids *\/\r\n.cpse-r-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-grid--3 {\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-grid--4 {\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  min-height: 245px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-direction: column;\r\n  padding: 28px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, border-color .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card:hover {\r\n  transform: translateY(-5px);\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .5);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(7, 26, 61, .1);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__eyebrow {\r\n  display: inline-block;\r\n  margin-bottom: 28px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .1em;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 20px;\r\n  line-height: 1.35;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__link {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n  margin-top: auto;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange) !important;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__link:hover {\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Capabilities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-capability {\r\n  min-height: 190px;\r\n  padding-top: 34px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-capability::before {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  top: 0;\r\n  left: 28px;\r\n  width: 48px;\r\n  height: 4px;\r\n  border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Projects *\/\r\n.cpse-r-project {\r\n  min-height: 310px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-project::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  right: -52px;\r\n  bottom: -52px;\r\n  width: 135px;\r\n  height: 135px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(7, 26, 61, .1);\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Facilities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-facility {\r\n  min-height: 285px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-facility__code {\r\n  width: 54px;\r\n  height: 54px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  margin-bottom: 26px;\r\n  border-radius: 14px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .06em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-facility:hover .cpse-r-facility__code {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Publications *\/\r\n.cpse-r-dark {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-dark .cpse-r-title,\r\n.cpse-r-dark h3 {\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-dark .cpse-r-intro {\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .72);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output {\r\n  min-height: 130px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: flex-end;\r\n  padding: 20px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);\r\n  border-radius: 16px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 15px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output:hover {\r\n  border-color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  background: rgba(202, 82, 53, .16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Community *\/\r\n.cpse-r-community-card {\r\n  min-height: 225px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Partnership \/ impact *\/\r\n.cpse-r-impact-layout {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: .82fr 1.18fr;\r\n  gap: 56px;\r\n  align-items: start;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout {\r\n  padding: 34px;\r\n  border-radius: 24px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .76);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 27px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-list {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item {\r\n  min-height: 170px;\r\n  padding: 24px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 9px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  line-height: 1.65;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Opportunities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-opportunity {\r\n  min-height: 270px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-opportunity__tag {\r\n  width: fit-content;\r\n  margin-bottom: 32px;\r\n  padding: 7px 10px;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Final CTA *\/\r\n.cpse-r-cta {\r\n  padding: 78px 0;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta__inner {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 42px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta h2 {\r\n  max-width: 680px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 54px);\r\n  line-height: 1.12;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.035em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta p {\r\n  max-width: 700px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .82);\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Responsive *\/\r\n@media (max-width: 1024px) {\r\n  .cpse-research-page {\r\n    --cpse-sticky-offset: 78px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-mission-grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-impact-layout {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n    gap: 44px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__map {\r\n    max-width: 650px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--4,\r\n  .cpse-r-output-grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n  .cpse-research-page {\r\n    --cpse-sticky-offset: 8px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-shell {\r\n    width: min(100% - 28px, 1180px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-section {\r\n    padding: 68px 0;\r\n    scroll-margin-top: 108px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero {\r\n    min-height: auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\r\n    padding: 78px 0 94px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero h1 {\r\n    font-size: clamp(44px, 14vw, 66px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__map span {\r\n    min-height: 92px;\r\n    padding: 14px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating-wrap {\r\n    margin-top: -25px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating {\r\n    width: calc(100% - 20px);\r\n    justify-content: flex-start;\r\n    border-radius: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating a {\r\n    flex: 0 0 auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--3,\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--4,\r\n  .cpse-r-output-grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-impact-list {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar summary {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr) 34px;\r\n    gap: 12px;\r\n    min-height: 104px;\r\n    padding: 20px 16px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n    width: 44px;\r\n    height: 44px;\r\n    font-size: 10px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__heading h3 {\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__heading p {\r\n    display: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n    width: 32px;\r\n    height: 32px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__body {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    gap: 22px;\r\n    padding: 0 18px 24px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-card {\r\n    min-height: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-cta__inner {\r\n    display: block;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-cta .cpse-r-actions {\r\n    margin-top: 28px;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n  html {\r\n    scroll-behavior: auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-research-page *,\r\n  .cpse-research-page *::before,\r\n  .cpse-research-page *::after {\r\n    scroll-behavior: auto !important;\r\n    transition: none !important;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cpse-research-page\" id=\"research-top\">\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n       WIDGET 4 \u2014 RESEARCH AREAS\r\n       None of the rows is open on page load.\r\n       ========================= -->\r\n  <section id=\"research-areas\" class=\"cpse-r-section\" aria-labelledby=\"cpse-research-areas-title\">\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-r-shell\">\r\n      <span class=\"cpse-r-kicker\">Research areas<\/span>\r\n      <h2 id=\"cpse-research-areas-title\" class=\"cpse-r-title\">Five connected research pillars<\/h2>\r\n      <p class=\"cpse-r-intro\">\r\n       Select a pillar to discover its principal themes.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-r-pillars\">\r\n        <details class=\"cpse-r-pillar\">\r\n          <summary>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__mark\">FQNP<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__heading\">\r\n              <h3>Fundamental, Quantum &amp; Nuclear Physics<\/h3>\r\n              <p>Understanding matter, particles and complex physical phenomena.<\/p>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__toggle\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span>\r\n          <\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-r-pillar__body\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              Research spans quantum and statistical physics, nuclear and particle\r\n              physics, plasma science, medical physics and high-energy phenomena,\r\n              supported by theoretical, computational and experimental approaches.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-r-topic-list\">\r\n              <span>Quantum physics<\/span>\r\n              <span>Statistical physics<\/span>\r\n              <span>Nuclear physics<\/span>\r\n              <span>Particle physics<\/span>\r\n              <span>Plasma physics<\/span>\r\n              <span>Medical physics<\/span>\r\n              <span>High-energy physics<\/span>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <details class=\"cpse-r-pillar\">\r\n          <summary>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__mark\">AMPS<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__heading\">\r\n              <h3>Advanced Materials, Photonics &amp; Sensing<\/h3>\r\n              <p>Designing materials and light-based technologies for emerging applications.<\/p>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__toggle\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span>\r\n          <\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-r-pillar__body\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              This pillar brings together semiconductor and two-dimensional materials,\r\n              crystal growth, defect engineering, nanoelectronics, terahertz science,\r\n              photonics, optical systems and chemical or biochemical sensing.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-r-topic-list\">\r\n              <span>2D materials<\/span>\r\n              <span>Semiconductors<\/span>\r\n              <span>Crystal growth<\/span>\r\n              <span>Defect engineering<\/span>\r\n              <span>Nanoelectronics<\/span>\r\n              <span>Terahertz photonics<\/span>\r\n              <span>Optical systems<\/span>\r\n              <span>Advanced sensors<\/span>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <details class=\"cpse-r-pillar\">\r\n          <summary>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__mark\">SSE<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__heading\">\r\n              <h3>Space Science &amp; Engineering<\/h3>\r\n              <p>Exploring the universe and developing technologies for space.<\/p>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__toggle\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span>\r\n          <\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-r-pillar__body\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              Activities connect astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology and planetary\r\n              science with space instrumentation, small-satellite engineering,\r\n              remote sensing, scientific data and the study of materials in space environments.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-r-topic-list\">\r\n              <span>Astronomy<\/span>\r\n              <span>Astrophysics<\/span>\r\n              <span>Cosmology<\/span>\r\n              <span>Space instrumentation<\/span>\r\n              <span>CubeSat systems<\/span>\r\n              <span>Earth observation<\/span>\r\n              <span>Space materials<\/span>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <details class=\"cpse-r-pillar\">\r\n          <summary>\r\n                    <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__mark\">IEEM<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__heading\">\r\n              <h3>Intelligent Energy Systems &amp; Electric Mobility<\/h3>\r\n              <p>Advancing intelligent power systems and electric-powertrain technologies.<\/p>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__toggle\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span>\r\n          <\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-r-pillar__body\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              Research connects grid-integrated renewable energy, smart-grid\r\n              experimentation, energy forecasting and intelligent management with\r\n              electric-powertrain modeling, diagnostics and digital-twin technologies.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-r-topic-list\">\r\n              <span>Grid-integrated renewables<\/span>\r\n              <span>Smart grids<\/span>\r\n              <span>Energy management<\/span>\r\n              <span>Forecasting &amp; optimization<\/span>\r\n              <span>Electric powertrains<\/span>\r\n              <span>Diagnostics &amp; prognostics<\/span>\r\n              <span>Mobility digital twins<\/span>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <details class=\"cpse-r-pillar\">\r\n          <summary>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__mark\">IIDM<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__heading\">\r\n              <h3>Intelligent Industry &amp; Digital Manufacturing<\/h3>\r\n              <p>Transforming industrial operations through connected and predictive technologies.<\/p>\r\n            <\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"cpse-r-pillar__toggle\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span>\r\n          <\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"cpse-r-pillar__body\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              Research focuses on industrial digital twins, production monitoring,\r\n              automation, asset-lifecycle management, predictive maintenance and\r\n              AI-enabled decision support for mining and complex industrial operations.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n            <div class=\"cpse-r-topic-list\">\r\n              <span>Industrial digital twins<\/span>\r\n              <span>Production monitoring<\/span>\r\n              <span>Industrial automation<\/span>\r\n              <span>Asset lifecycle management<\/span>\r\n              <span>Predictive maintenance<\/span>\r\n              <span>AI for industry<\/span>\r\n              <span>Mining digitalization<\/span>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n     WIDGET 10 \u2014 LIGHTWEIGHT INTERACTIONS\r\n     ========================= -->\r\n<script>\r\n(function () {\r\n  const page = document.querySelector('.cpse-research-page');\r\n  if (!page) return;\r\n\r\n  \/* Keep only one research pillar open at a time. None is open initially. *\/\r\n  const pillars = page.querySelectorAll('.cpse-r-pillar');\r\n  pillars.forEach(function (pillar) {\r\n    pillar.addEventListener('toggle', function () {\r\n      if (!pillar.open) return;\r\n      pillars.forEach(function (other) {\r\n        if (other !== pillar) other.removeAttribute('open');\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* Highlight the current section in the floating menu. *\/\r\n  const navLinks = page.querySelectorAll('.cpse-r-floating a[href^=\"#\"]');\r\n  const sections = [];\r\n\r\n  navLinks.forEach(function (link) {\r\n    const section = document.querySelector(link.getAttribute('href'));\r\n    if (section) sections.push({ section: section, link: link });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  if ('IntersectionObserver' in window && sections.length) {\r\n    const observer = new IntersectionObserver(function (entries) {\r\n      entries.forEach(function (entry) {\r\n        if (!entry.isIntersecting) return;\r\n        navLinks.forEach(function (link) { link.classList.remove('is-active'); });\r\n        const match = sections.find(function (item) { return item.section === entry.target; });\r\n        if (match) {\r\n          match.link.classList.add('is-active');\r\n          match.link.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest', inline: 'center' });\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    }, { rootMargin: '-35% 0px -58% 0px', threshold: 0 });\r\n\r\n    sections.forEach(function (item) { observer.observe(item.section); });\r\n  }\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7cda90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f7cda90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n  CPSE RESEARCH PAGE \u2014 ELEMENTOR HTML\r\n  Paste the complete file into one Elementor HTML widget.\r\n  Keeping it in one widget lets the floating menu remain sticky across the whole page.\r\n  Update root-relative WordPress slugs such as \/research\/publications\/ if your actual slugs differ.\r\n-->\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n     WIDGET 1 \u2014 SHARED STYLES\r\n     ========================= -->\r\n<style>\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\r\n\r\nhtml {\r\n  scroll-behavior: smooth;\r\n}\r\n.cpse-research-page {\r\n  --cpse-navy: #071a3d;\r\n  --cpse-orange: #ca5235;\r\n  --cpse-white: #ffffff;\r\n  --cpse-soft: #f5f5f3;\r\n  --cpse-line: #deded9;\r\n  --cpse-text: #384152;\r\n  --cpse-sticky-offset: 92px;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  overflow: visible;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-family: 'Poppins', Arial, sans-serif;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page,\r\n.cpse-research-page * {\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page h1,\r\n.cpse-research-page h2,\r\n.cpse-research-page h3,\r\n.cpse-research-page h4,\r\n.cpse-research-page p {\r\n  margin-top: 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margin-bottom: 42px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  min-height: 52px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: center;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  padding: 13px 22px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white) !important;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, background .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn:hover {\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(7, 26, 61, .16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn--outline {\r\n  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);\r\n  background: transparent;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn--light {\r\n  border-color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn__arrow {\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n  line-height: 1;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn:hover .cpse-r-btn__arrow {\r\n  transform: translateX(3px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Hero *\/\r\n.cpse-r-hero {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  isolation: isolate;\r\n  min-height: 690px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::before,\r\n.cpse-r-hero::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  z-index: -1;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .13);\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::before {\r\n  width: 720px;\r\n  height: 720px;\r\n  top: -330px;\r\n  right: -170px;\r\n  box-shadow: 0 0 0 70px rgba(255, 255, 255, .025), 0 0 0 140px rgba(255, 255, 255, .018);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::after {\r\n  width: 270px;\r\n  height: 270px;\r\n  bottom: -170px;\r\n  left: 8%;\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .55);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(320px, .75fr);\r\n  gap: 80px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  padding: 105px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero .cpse-r-kicker {\r\n  color: #f28b70;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero h1 {\r\n  max-width: 760px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 24px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: clamp(48px, 7vw, 86px);\r\n  line-height: .98;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.055em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__lead {\r\n  max-width: 680px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);\r\n  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.8vw, 21px);\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-actions {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);\r\n  border-radius: 28px;\r\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .055);\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map span {\r\n  min-height: 112px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: flex-end;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .12);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .9);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  line-height: 1.4;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map span:first-child {\r\n  grid-column: 1 \/ -1;\r\n  min-height: 142px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 21px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Floating page menu *\/\r\n.cpse-r-floating-wrap {\r\n  position: sticky;\r\n  z-index: 80;\r\n  top: var(--cpse-sticky-offset);\r\n  margin-top: -30px;\r\n  pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating {\r\n  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 5px;\r\n  margin-inline: auto;\r\n  padding: 7px;\r\n  overflow-x: auto;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .96);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 46px rgba(7, 26, 61, .13);\r\n  scrollbar-width: none;\r\n  pointer-events: auto;\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating::-webkit-scrollbar {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating a {\r\n  flex: 1 0 auto;\r\n  padding: 12px 17px;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-align: center;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  white-space: nowrap;\r\n  transition: background .2s ease, color .2s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating a:hover,\r\n.cpse-r-floating a.is-active {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Mission *\/\r\n.cpse-r-mission-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1.1fr .9fr;\r\n  gap: 70px;\r\n  align-items: start;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-mission-copy p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  line-height: 1.8;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principles {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle {\r\n  padding: 24px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-left: 4px solid var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  border-radius: 0 16px 16px 0;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 6px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.65;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Research pillar accordion *\/\r\n.cpse-r-pillars {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  transition: border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar:hover,\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] {\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .55);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(7, 26, 61, .09);\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar summary {\r\n  min-height: 116px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0, 1fr) 42px;\r\n  gap: 22px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  padding: 24px 28px;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  list-style: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar summary::-webkit-details-marker {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n  width: 58px;\r\n  height: 58px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .08em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] .cpse-r-pillar__mark,\r\n.cpse-r-pillar:hover .cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__heading h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 7px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 29px);\r\n  line-height: 1.25;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__heading p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.55;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n  width: 38px;\r\n  height: 38px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 23px;\r\n  font-weight: 500;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] .cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n  transform: rotate(45deg);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__body {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.15fr;\r\n  gap: 36px;\r\n  padding: 0 28px 30px 108px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__body > p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 15px;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-topic-list {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  align-content: flex-start;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-topic-list span {\r\n  padding: 9px 12px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 600;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Shared card grids *\/\r\n.cpse-r-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-grid--3 {\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-grid--4 {\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  min-height: 245px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-direction: column;\r\n  padding: 28px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, border-color .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card:hover {\r\n  transform: translateY(-5px);\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .5);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(7, 26, 61, .1);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__eyebrow {\r\n  display: inline-block;\r\n  margin-bottom: 28px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .1em;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 20px;\r\n  line-height: 1.35;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__link {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n  margin-top: auto;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange) !important;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__link:hover {\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Capabilities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-capability {\r\n  min-height: 190px;\r\n  padding-top: 34px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-capability::before {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  top: 0;\r\n  left: 28px;\r\n  width: 48px;\r\n  height: 4px;\r\n  border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Projects *\/\r\n.cpse-r-project {\r\n  min-height: 310px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-project::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  right: -52px;\r\n  bottom: -52px;\r\n  width: 135px;\r\n  height: 135px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(7, 26, 61, .1);\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Facilities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-facility {\r\n  min-height: 285px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-facility__code {\r\n  width: 54px;\r\n  height: 54px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  margin-bottom: 26px;\r\n  border-radius: 14px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .06em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-facility:hover .cpse-r-facility__code {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Publications *\/\r\n.cpse-r-dark {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-dark .cpse-r-title,\r\n.cpse-r-dark h3 {\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-dark .cpse-r-intro {\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .72);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output {\r\n  min-height: 130px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: flex-end;\r\n  padding: 20px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);\r\n  border-radius: 16px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 15px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output:hover {\r\n  border-color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  background: rgba(202, 82, 53, .16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Community *\/\r\n.cpse-r-community-card {\r\n  min-height: 225px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Partnership \/ impact *\/\r\n.cpse-r-impact-layout {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: .82fr 1.18fr;\r\n  gap: 56px;\r\n  align-items: start;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout {\r\n  padding: 34px;\r\n  border-radius: 24px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .76);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 27px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-list {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item {\r\n  min-height: 170px;\r\n  padding: 24px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 9px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  line-height: 1.65;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Opportunities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-opportunity {\r\n  min-height: 270px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-opportunity__tag {\r\n  width: fit-content;\r\n  margin-bottom: 32px;\r\n  padding: 7px 10px;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Final CTA *\/\r\n.cpse-r-cta {\r\n  padding: 78px 0;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta__inner {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 42px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta h2 {\r\n  max-width: 680px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 54px);\r\n  line-height: 1.12;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.035em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta p {\r\n  max-width: 700px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .82);\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Responsive *\/\r\n@media (max-width: 1024px) {\r\n  .cpse-research-page {\r\n    --cpse-sticky-offset: 78px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-mission-grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-impact-layout {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n    gap: 44px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__map {\r\n    max-width: 650px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--4,\r\n  .cpse-r-output-grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n  .cpse-research-page {\r\n    --cpse-sticky-offset: 8px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-shell {\r\n    width: min(100% - 28px, 1180px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-section {\r\n    padding: 68px 0;\r\n    scroll-margin-top: 108px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero {\r\n    min-height: auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\r\n    padding: 78px 0 94px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero h1 {\r\n    font-size: clamp(44px, 14vw, 66px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__map span {\r\n    min-height: 92px;\r\n    padding: 14px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating-wrap {\r\n    margin-top: -25px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating {\r\n    width: calc(100% - 20px);\r\n    justify-content: flex-start;\r\n    border-radius: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating a {\r\n    flex: 0 0 auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--3,\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--4,\r\n  .cpse-r-output-grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-impact-list {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar summary {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr) 34px;\r\n    gap: 12px;\r\n    min-height: 104px;\r\n    padding: 20px 16px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n    width: 44px;\r\n    height: 44px;\r\n    font-size: 10px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__heading h3 {\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__heading p {\r\n    display: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n    width: 32px;\r\n    height: 32px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__body {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    gap: 22px;\r\n    padding: 0 18px 24px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-card {\r\n    min-height: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-cta__inner {\r\n    display: block;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-cta .cpse-r-actions {\r\n    margin-top: 28px;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n  html {\r\n    scroll-behavior: auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-research-page *,\r\n  .cpse-research-page *::before,\r\n  .cpse-research-page *::after {\r\n    scroll-behavior: auto !important;\r\n    transition: none !important;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cpse-research-page\" id=\"research-top\">\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n       WIDGET 6 \u2014 FEATURED RESEARCH DIRECTIONS\r\n       Replace or update these cards as current flagship projects are confirmed.\r\n       ========================= -->\r\n  <section id=\"featured-projects\" class=\"cpse-r-section\" aria-labelledby=\"cpse-projects-title\">\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-r-shell\">\r\n      <span class=\"cpse-r-kicker\">Featured research<\/span>\r\n      <h2 id=\"cpse-projects-title\" class=\"cpse-r-title cpse-r-title--small\">\r\n        From scientific questions to real-world applications\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n      <p class=\"cpse-r-intro\">\r\n        Selected research directions illustrate how CPSE combines fundamental\r\n        knowledge, experimental validation and engineering impact.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-r-grid cpse-r-grid--3\">\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-project\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-card__eyebrow\">Materials &amp; devices<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Semiconductor and Two-Dimensional Materials<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Crystal growth, defect engineering, transport, sensing and device concepts based on emerging materials.<\/p>\r\n          <a class=\"cpse-r-card__link\" href=\"semiconductor-and-two-dimensional-materials\">Discover more <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-project\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-card__eyebrow\">Photonics<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Terahertz Systems and Optical Technologies<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Spectroscopy, imaging, sources, detectors and communication concepts for scientific and applied use.<\/p>\r\n          <a class=\"cpse-r-card__link\" href=\"terahertz-systems-and-optical-technologies\">Discover more <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-project\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-card__eyebrow\">Fundamental physics<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Particle and High-Energy Physics<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Data analysis, detector technologies and fundamental studies connected to international scientific research.<\/p>\r\n          <a class=\"cpse-r-card__link\" href=\"nuclear-particle-physics-and-cosmology\">Discover more <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-project\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-card__eyebrow\">Space<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Small Satellites and Space Environments<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Space systems, scientific instrumentation and investigation of advanced materials under space conditions.<\/p>\r\n          <a class=\"cpse-r-card__link\" href=\"space-science-and-technology\">Explore the Mission <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-project\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-card__eyebrow\">Smart energy<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Intelligent Energy Systems<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Smart-grid experimentation, grid-connected renewable control, energy forecasting, optimization and intelligent energy management.<\/p>\r\n          <a class=\"cpse-r-card__link\" href=\"intelligent-energy-systems\">Discover more <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-project\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-card__eyebrow\">Electric mobility<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Electric Powertrains and Intelligent Mobility<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Electric-powertrain modeling, experimental test benches, diagnostics, prognostics and digital-twin-based health management.<\/p>\r\n          <a class=\"cpse-r-card__link\" href=\"electric-powertrains-and-intelligent-mobility\">Discover more <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n     WIDGET 10 \u2014 LIGHTWEIGHT INTERACTIONS\r\n     ========================= -->\r\n<script>\r\n(function () {\r\n  const page = document.querySelector('.cpse-research-page');\r\n  if (!page) return;\r\n\r\n  \/* Keep only one research pillar open at a time. None is open initially. *\/\r\n  const pillars = page.querySelectorAll('.cpse-r-pillar');\r\n  pillars.forEach(function (pillar) {\r\n    pillar.addEventListener('toggle', function () {\r\n      if (!pillar.open) return;\r\n      pillars.forEach(function (other) {\r\n        if (other !== pillar) other.removeAttribute('open');\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* Highlight the current section in the floating menu. *\/\r\n  const navLinks = page.querySelectorAll('.cpse-r-floating a[href^=\"#\"]');\r\n  const sections = [];\r\n\r\n  navLinks.forEach(function (link) {\r\n    const section = document.querySelector(link.getAttribute('href'));\r\n    if (section) sections.push({ section: section, link: link });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  if ('IntersectionObserver' in window && sections.length) {\r\n    const observer = new IntersectionObserver(function (entries) {\r\n      entries.forEach(function (entry) {\r\n        if (!entry.isIntersecting) return;\r\n        navLinks.forEach(function (link) { link.classList.remove('is-active'); });\r\n        const match = sections.find(function (item) { return item.section === entry.target; });\r\n        if (match) {\r\n          match.link.classList.add('is-active');\r\n          match.link.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest', inline: 'center' });\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    }, { rootMargin: '-35% 0px -58% 0px', threshold: 0 });\r\n\r\n    sections.forEach(function (item) { observer.observe(item.section); });\r\n  }\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48031aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"48031aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n  CPSE RESEARCH PAGE \u2014 ELEMENTOR HTML\r\n  Paste the complete file into one Elementor HTML widget.\r\n  Keeping it in one widget lets the floating menu remain sticky across the whole page.\r\n  Update root-relative WordPress slugs such as \/research\/publications\/ if your actual slugs differ.\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n     WIDGET 1 \u2014 SHARED STYLES\r\n     ========================= -->\r\n<style>\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\r\n\r\nhtml {\r\n  scroll-behavior: smooth;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page {\r\n  --cpse-navy: #071a3d;\r\n  --cpse-orange: #ca5235;\r\n  --cpse-white: #ffffff;\r\n  --cpse-soft: #f5f5f3;\r\n  --cpse-line: #deded9;\r\n  --cpse-text: #384152;\r\n  --cpse-sticky-offset: 92px;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  overflow: visible;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-family: 'Poppins', Arial, sans-serif;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page,\r\n.cpse-research-page * {\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page h1,\r\n.cpse-research-page h2,\r\n.cpse-research-page h3,\r\n.cpse-research-page h4,\r\n.cpse-research-page p {\r\n  margin-top: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-shell {\r\n  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\r\n  margin-inline: auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-section {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  padding: 92px 0;\r\n  scroll-margin-top: 160px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-section--soft {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-kicker {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 10px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .12em;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-kicker::before {\r\n  width: 34px;\r\n  height: 3px;\r\n  background: currentColor;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-title {\r\n  max-width: 820px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: clamp(34px, 4.4vw, 58px);\r\n  line-height: 1.08;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.04em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-title--small {\r\n  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.4vw, 46px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-intro {\r\n  max-width: 820px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 42px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  min-height: 52px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: center;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  padding: 13px 22px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white) !important;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, background .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn:hover {\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(7, 26, 61, .16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn--outline {\r\n  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);\r\n  background: transparent;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn--light {\r\n  border-color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn__arrow {\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n  line-height: 1;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn:hover .cpse-r-btn__arrow {\r\n  transform: translateX(3px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Hero *\/\r\n.cpse-r-hero {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  isolation: isolate;\r\n  min-height: 690px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::before,\r\n.cpse-r-hero::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  z-index: -1;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .13);\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::before {\r\n  width: 720px;\r\n  height: 720px;\r\n  top: -330px;\r\n  right: -170px;\r\n  box-shadow: 0 0 0 70px rgba(255, 255, 255, .025), 0 0 0 140px rgba(255, 255, 255, .018);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::after {\r\n  width: 270px;\r\n  height: 270px;\r\n  bottom: -170px;\r\n  left: 8%;\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .55);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(320px, .75fr);\r\n  gap: 80px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  padding: 105px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero .cpse-r-kicker {\r\n  color: #f28b70;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero h1 {\r\n  max-width: 760px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 24px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: clamp(48px, 7vw, 86px);\r\n  line-height: .98;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.055em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__lead {\r\n  max-width: 680px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);\r\n  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.8vw, 21px);\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-actions {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);\r\n  border-radius: 28px;\r\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .055);\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map span {\r\n  min-height: 112px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: flex-end;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .12);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .9);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  line-height: 1.4;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map span:first-child {\r\n  grid-column: 1 \/ -1;\r\n  min-height: 142px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 21px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Floating page menu *\/\r\n.cpse-r-floating-wrap {\r\n  position: sticky;\r\n  z-index: 80;\r\n  top: var(--cpse-sticky-offset);\r\n  margin-top: -30px;\r\n  pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating {\r\n  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 5px;\r\n  margin-inline: auto;\r\n  padding: 7px;\r\n  overflow-x: auto;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .96);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 46px rgba(7, 26, 61, .13);\r\n  scrollbar-width: none;\r\n  pointer-events: auto;\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating::-webkit-scrollbar {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating a {\r\n  flex: 1 0 auto;\r\n  padding: 12px 17px;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-align: center;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  white-space: nowrap;\r\n  transition: background .2s ease, color .2s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating a:hover,\r\n.cpse-r-floating a.is-active {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Mission *\/\r\n.cpse-r-mission-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1.1fr .9fr;\r\n  gap: 70px;\r\n  align-items: start;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-mission-copy p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  line-height: 1.8;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principles {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle {\r\n  padding: 24px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-left: 4px solid var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  border-radius: 0 16px 16px 0;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 6px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.65;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Research pillar accordion *\/\r\n.cpse-r-pillars {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  transition: border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar:hover,\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] {\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .55);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(7, 26, 61, .09);\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar summary {\r\n  min-height: 116px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0, 1fr) 42px;\r\n  gap: 22px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  padding: 24px 28px;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  list-style: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar summary::-webkit-details-marker {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n  width: 58px;\r\n  height: 58px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .08em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] .cpse-r-pillar__mark,\r\n.cpse-r-pillar:hover .cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__heading h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 7px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 29px);\r\n  line-height: 1.25;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__heading p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.55;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n  width: 38px;\r\n  height: 38px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 23px;\r\n  font-weight: 500;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] .cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n  transform: rotate(45deg);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__body {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.15fr;\r\n  gap: 36px;\r\n  padding: 0 28px 30px 108px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__body > p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 15px;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-topic-list {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  align-content: flex-start;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-topic-list span {\r\n  padding: 9px 12px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 600;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Shared card grids *\/\r\n.cpse-r-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-grid--3 {\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-grid--4 {\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  min-height: 245px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-direction: column;\r\n  padding: 28px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, border-color .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card:hover {\r\n  transform: translateY(-5px);\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .5);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(7, 26, 61, .1);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__eyebrow {\r\n  display: inline-block;\r\n  margin-bottom: 28px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .1em;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 20px;\r\n  line-height: 1.35;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__link {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n  margin-top: auto;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange) !important;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__link:hover {\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Capabilities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-capability {\r\n  min-height: 190px;\r\n  padding-top: 34px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-capability::before {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  top: 0;\r\n  left: 28px;\r\n  width: 48px;\r\n  height: 4px;\r\n  border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Projects *\/\r\n.cpse-r-project {\r\n  min-height: 310px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-project::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  right: -52px;\r\n  bottom: -52px;\r\n  width: 135px;\r\n  height: 135px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(7, 26, 61, .1);\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Facilities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-facility {\r\n  min-height: 285px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-facility__code {\r\n  width: 54px;\r\n  height: 54px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  margin-bottom: 26px;\r\n  border-radius: 14px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .06em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-facility:hover .cpse-r-facility__code {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Publications *\/\r\n.cpse-r-dark {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-dark .cpse-r-title,\r\n.cpse-r-dark h3 {\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-dark .cpse-r-intro {\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .72);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output {\r\n  min-height: 130px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: flex-end;\r\n  padding: 20px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);\r\n  border-radius: 16px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 15px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output:hover {\r\n  border-color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  background: rgba(202, 82, 53, .16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Community *\/\r\n.cpse-r-community-card {\r\n  min-height: 225px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Partnership \/ impact *\/\r\n.cpse-r-impact-layout {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: .82fr 1.18fr;\r\n  gap: 56px;\r\n  align-items: start;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout {\r\n  padding: 34px;\r\n  border-radius: 24px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .76);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 27px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-list {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item {\r\n  min-height: 170px;\r\n  padding: 24px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 9px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  line-height: 1.65;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Opportunities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-opportunity {\r\n  min-height: 270px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-opportunity__tag {\r\n  width: fit-content;\r\n  margin-bottom: 32px;\r\n  padding: 7px 10px;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Final CTA *\/\r\n.cpse-r-cta {\r\n  padding: 78px 0;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta__inner {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 42px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta h2 {\r\n  max-width: 680px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 54px);\r\n  line-height: 1.12;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.035em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta p {\r\n  max-width: 700px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .82);\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Responsive *\/\r\n@media (max-width: 1024px) {\r\n  .cpse-research-page {\r\n    --cpse-sticky-offset: 78px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-mission-grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-impact-layout {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n    gap: 44px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__map {\r\n    max-width: 650px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--4,\r\n  .cpse-r-output-grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n  .cpse-research-page {\r\n    --cpse-sticky-offset: 8px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-shell {\r\n    width: min(100% - 28px, 1180px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-section {\r\n    padding: 68px 0;\r\n    scroll-margin-top: 108px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero {\r\n    min-height: auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\r\n    padding: 78px 0 94px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero h1 {\r\n    font-size: clamp(44px, 14vw, 66px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__map span {\r\n    min-height: 92px;\r\n    padding: 14px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating-wrap {\r\n    margin-top: -25px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating {\r\n    width: calc(100% - 20px);\r\n    justify-content: flex-start;\r\n    border-radius: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating a {\r\n    flex: 0 0 auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--3,\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--4,\r\n  .cpse-r-output-grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-impact-list {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar summary {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr) 34px;\r\n    gap: 12px;\r\n    min-height: 104px;\r\n    padding: 20px 16px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n    width: 44px;\r\n    height: 44px;\r\n    font-size: 10px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__heading h3 {\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__heading p {\r\n    display: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n    width: 32px;\r\n    height: 32px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__body {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    gap: 22px;\r\n    padding: 0 18px 24px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-card {\r\n    min-height: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-cta__inner {\r\n    display: block;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-cta .cpse-r-actions {\r\n    margin-top: 28px;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n  html {\r\n    scroll-behavior: auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-research-page *,\r\n  .cpse-research-page *::before,\r\n  .cpse-research-page *::after {\r\n    scroll-behavior: auto !important;\r\n    transition: none !important;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cpse-research-page\" id=\"research-top\">\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n       WIDGET 7 \u2014 FACILITIES\r\n       Confirm operating status, location and access contacts before publishing.\r\n       ========================= -->\r\n  <section id=\"facilities\" class=\"cpse-r-section cpse-r-section--soft\" aria-labelledby=\"cpse-facilities-title\">\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-r-shell\">\r\n      <span class=\"cpse-r-kicker\">Facilities &amp; platforms<\/span>\r\n      <h2 id=\"cpse-facilities-title\" class=\"cpse-r-title cpse-r-title--small\">\r\n        Experimental capabilities for advanced research\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n      <p class=\"cpse-r-intro\">\r\n        CPSE platforms support materials preparation, characterization, spectroscopy,\r\n        imaging, device investigation and collaborative experimental research.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-r-grid cpse-r-grid--4\">\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-facility\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-facility__code\">RAM<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Confocal Raman Spectroscopy<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Material identification, vibrational analysis and defect characterization using multiple excitation wavelengths.<\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-facility\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-facility__code\">THz<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Terahertz Imaging<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Non-destructive imaging and investigation at terahertz frequencies for scientific and applied studies.<\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-facility\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-facility__code\">AFM<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Atomic Force Microscopy<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Surface imaging and nanoscale electrical, magnetic and mechanical characterization.<\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-facility\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-facility__code\">SYN<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Materials Synthesis Area<\/h3>\r\n          <p>CVD and CVT growth, controlled-atmosphere handling, coating and material preparation.<\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-facility\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-facility__code\">MTS<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Magneto-Transport Spectroscopy<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent investigation of electrical transport in materials and devices.<\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-facility\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-facility__code\">FSL<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Femtosecond Laser Platform<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Ultrafast optical experiments and time-resolved investigation of light\u2013matter interactions.<\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-facility\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-facility__code\">FTIR<\/span>\r\n          <h3>FTIR Spectroscopy<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Infrared spectral analysis for materials, molecular systems and optical characterization.<\/p>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"cpse-r-card cpse-r-facility\">\r\n          <span class=\"cpse-r-facility__code\">OPEN<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Research Access &amp; Collaboration<\/h3>\r\n          <p>Discuss equipment access, measurements, joint experiments and platform-based collaboration with CPSE.<\/p>\r\n          <a class=\"cpse-r-card__link\" href=\"\/contact\/\">Contact CPSE <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span><\/a>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n     WIDGET 10 \u2014 LIGHTWEIGHT INTERACTIONS\r\n     ========================= -->\r\n<script>\r\n(function () {\r\n  const page = document.querySelector('.cpse-research-page');\r\n  if (!page) return;\r\n\r\n  \/* Keep only one research pillar open at a time. None is open initially. *\/\r\n  const pillars = page.querySelectorAll('.cpse-r-pillar');\r\n  pillars.forEach(function (pillar) {\r\n    pillar.addEventListener('toggle', function () {\r\n      if (!pillar.open) return;\r\n      pillars.forEach(function (other) {\r\n        if (other !== pillar) other.removeAttribute('open');\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* Highlight the current section in the floating menu. *\/\r\n  const navLinks = page.querySelectorAll('.cpse-r-floating a[href^=\"#\"]');\r\n  const sections = [];\r\n\r\n  navLinks.forEach(function (link) {\r\n    const section = document.querySelector(link.getAttribute('href'));\r\n    if (section) sections.push({ section: section, link: link });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  if ('IntersectionObserver' in window && sections.length) {\r\n    const observer = new IntersectionObserver(function (entries) {\r\n      entries.forEach(function (entry) {\r\n        if (!entry.isIntersecting) return;\r\n        navLinks.forEach(function (link) { link.classList.remove('is-active'); });\r\n        const match = sections.find(function (item) { return item.section === entry.target; });\r\n        if (match) {\r\n          match.link.classList.add('is-active');\r\n          match.link.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'nearest', inline: 'center' });\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    }, { rootMargin: '-35% 0px -58% 0px', threshold: 0 });\r\n\r\n    sections.forEach(function (item) { observer.observe(item.section); });\r\n  }\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a9833a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"5a9833a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\n  CPSE RESEARCH PAGE \u2014 ELEMENTOR HTML\r\n  Paste the complete file into one Elementor HTML widget.\r\n  Keeping it in one widget lets the floating menu remain sticky across the whole page.\r\n  Update root-relative WordPress slugs such as \/research\/publications\/ if your actual slugs differ.\r\n-->\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n     WIDGET 1 \u2014 SHARED STYLES\r\n     ========================= -->\r\n<style>\r\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\r\n\r\nhtml {\r\n  scroll-behavior: smooth;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page {\r\n  --cpse-navy: #071a3d;\r\n  --cpse-orange: #ca5235;\r\n  --cpse-white: #ffffff;\r\n  --cpse-soft: #f5f5f3;\r\n  --cpse-line: #deded9;\r\n  --cpse-text: #384152;\r\n  --cpse-sticky-offset: 92px;\r\n  width: 100%;\r\n  overflow: visible;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-family: 'Poppins', Arial, sans-serif;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page,\r\n.cpse-research-page * {\r\n  box-sizing: border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-research-page h1,\r\n.cpse-research-page h2,\r\n.cpse-research-page h3,\r\n.cpse-research-page h4,\r\n.cpse-research-page p {\r\n  margin-top: 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-shell {\r\n  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\r\n  margin-inline: auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-section {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  padding: 92px 0;\r\n  scroll-margin-top: 160px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-section--soft {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-kicker {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 10px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .12em;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-kicker::before {\r\n  width: 34px;\r\n  height: 3px;\r\n  background: currentColor;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-title {\r\n  max-width: 820px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 18px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: clamp(34px, 4.4vw, 58px);\r\n  line-height: 1.08;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.04em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-title--small {\r\n  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.4vw, 46px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-intro {\r\n  max-width: 820px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 42px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  min-height: 52px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: center;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  padding: 13px 22px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white) !important;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, background .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn:hover {\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(7, 26, 61, .16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn--outline {\r\n  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);\r\n  background: transparent;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn--light {\r\n  border-color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn__arrow {\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n  line-height: 1;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-btn:hover .cpse-r-btn__arrow {\r\n  transform: translateX(3px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Hero *\/\r\n.cpse-r-hero {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  isolation: isolate;\r\n  min-height: 690px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::before,\r\n.cpse-r-hero::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  z-index: -1;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .13);\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::before {\r\n  width: 720px;\r\n  height: 720px;\r\n  top: -330px;\r\n  right: -170px;\r\n  box-shadow: 0 0 0 70px rgba(255, 255, 255, .025), 0 0 0 140px rgba(255, 255, 255, .018);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero::after {\r\n  width: 270px;\r\n  height: 270px;\r\n  bottom: -170px;\r\n  left: 8%;\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .55);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(320px, .75fr);\r\n  gap: 80px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  padding: 105px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero .cpse-r-kicker {\r\n  color: #f28b70;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero h1 {\r\n  max-width: 760px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 24px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: clamp(48px, 7vw, 86px);\r\n  line-height: .98;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.055em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__lead {\r\n  max-width: 680px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);\r\n  font-size: clamp(17px, 1.8vw, 21px);\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-actions {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);\r\n  border-radius: 28px;\r\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .055);\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map span {\r\n  min-height: 112px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: flex-end;\r\n  padding: 18px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .12);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .9);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  line-height: 1.4;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-hero__map span:first-child {\r\n  grid-column: 1 \/ -1;\r\n  min-height: 142px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 21px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Floating page menu *\/\r\n.cpse-r-floating-wrap {\r\n  position: sticky;\r\n  z-index: 80;\r\n  top: var(--cpse-sticky-offset);\r\n  margin-top: -30px;\r\n  pointer-events: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating {\r\n  width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px));\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 5px;\r\n  margin-inline: auto;\r\n  padding: 7px;\r\n  overflow-x: auto;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .96);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 46px rgba(7, 26, 61, .13);\r\n  scrollbar-width: none;\r\n  pointer-events: auto;\r\n  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating::-webkit-scrollbar {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating a {\r\n  flex: 1 0 auto;\r\n  padding: 12px 17px;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-align: center;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n  white-space: nowrap;\r\n  transition: background .2s ease, color .2s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-floating a:hover,\r\n.cpse-r-floating a.is-active {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Mission *\/\r\n.cpse-r-mission-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1.1fr .9fr;\r\n  gap: 70px;\r\n  align-items: start;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-mission-copy p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n  line-height: 1.8;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principles {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle {\r\n  padding: 24px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-left: 4px solid var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  border-radius: 0 16px 16px 0;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 6px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-principle p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.65;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Research pillar accordion *\/\r\n.cpse-r-pillars {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  transition: border-color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar:hover,\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] {\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .55);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(7, 26, 61, .09);\r\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar summary {\r\n  min-height: 116px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0, 1fr) 42px;\r\n  gap: 22px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  padding: 24px 28px;\r\n  cursor: pointer;\r\n  list-style: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar summary::-webkit-details-marker {\r\n  display: none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n  width: 58px;\r\n  height: 58px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .08em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] .cpse-r-pillar__mark,\r\n.cpse-r-pillar:hover .cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__heading h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 7px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: clamp(20px, 2.4vw, 29px);\r\n  line-height: 1.25;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__heading p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-text);\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.55;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n  width: 38px;\r\n  height: 38px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 23px;\r\n  font-weight: 500;\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar[open] .cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n  transform: rotate(45deg);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__body {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.15fr;\r\n  gap: 36px;\r\n  padding: 0 28px 30px 108px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-pillar__body > p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 15px;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-topic-list {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n  align-content: flex-start;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-topic-list span {\r\n  padding: 9px 12px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 600;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Shared card grids *\/\r\n.cpse-r-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  gap: 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-grid--3 {\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-grid--4 {\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card {\r\n  position: relative;\r\n  min-height: 245px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  flex-direction: column;\r\n  padding: 28px;\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 20px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, border-color .25s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card:hover {\r\n  transform: translateY(-5px);\r\n  border-color: rgba(202, 82, 53, .5);\r\n  box-shadow: 0 18px 40px rgba(7, 26, 61, .1);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__eyebrow {\r\n  display: inline-block;\r\n  margin-bottom: 28px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .1em;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 12px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 20px;\r\n  line-height: 1.35;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n  font-size: 14px;\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__link {\r\n  display: inline-flex;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  gap: 8px;\r\n  margin-top: auto;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange) !important;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n  text-decoration: none !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-card__link:hover {\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy) !important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Capabilities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-capability {\r\n  min-height: 190px;\r\n  padding-top: 34px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-capability::before {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  top: 0;\r\n  left: 28px;\r\n  width: 48px;\r\n  height: 4px;\r\n  border-radius: 0 0 4px 4px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Projects *\/\r\n.cpse-r-project {\r\n  min-height: 310px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-project::after {\r\n  position: absolute;\r\n  right: -52px;\r\n  bottom: -52px;\r\n  width: 135px;\r\n  height: 135px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(7, 26, 61, .1);\r\n  border-radius: 50%;\r\n  content: '';\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Facilities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-facility {\r\n  min-height: 285px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-facility__code {\r\n  width: 54px;\r\n  height: 54px;\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  place-items: center;\r\n  margin-bottom: 26px;\r\n  border-radius: 14px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 12px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  letter-spacing: .06em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-facility:hover .cpse-r-facility__code {\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Publications *\/\r\n.cpse-r-dark {\r\n  overflow: hidden;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .78);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-dark .cpse-r-title,\r\n.cpse-r-dark h3 {\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-dark .cpse-r-intro {\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .72);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output-grid {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n  gap: 12px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 34px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output {\r\n  min-height: 130px;\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  align-items: flex-end;\r\n  padding: 20px;\r\n  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);\r\n  border-radius: 16px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 15px;\r\n  font-weight: 700;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-output:hover {\r\n  border-color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  background: rgba(202, 82, 53, .16);\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Community *\/\r\n.cpse-r-community-card {\r\n  min-height: 225px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Partnership \/ impact *\/\r\n.cpse-r-impact-layout {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: .82fr 1.18fr;\r\n  gap: 56px;\r\n  align-items: start;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout {\r\n  padding: 34px;\r\n  border-radius: 24px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .76);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 14px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: 27px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-callout p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  line-height: 1.75;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-list {\r\n  display: grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;\r\n  gap: 14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item {\r\n  min-height: 170px;\r\n  padding: 24px;\r\n  border: 1px solid var(--cpse-line);\r\n  border-radius: 18px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item h3 {\r\n  margin-bottom: 9px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-navy);\r\n  font-size: 17px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-impact-item p {\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  font-size: 13px;\r\n  line-height: 1.65;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Opportunities *\/\r\n.cpse-r-opportunity {\r\n  min-height: 270px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-opportunity__tag {\r\n  width: fit-content;\r\n  margin-bottom: 32px;\r\n  padding: 7px 10px;\r\n  border-radius: 999px;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-soft);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  font-size: 11px;\r\n  font-weight: 800;\r\n  text-transform: uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Final CTA *\/\r\n.cpse-r-cta {\r\n  padding: 78px 0;\r\n  background: var(--cpse-orange);\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta__inner {\r\n  display: flex;\r\n  gap: 42px;\r\n  align-items: center;\r\n  justify-content: space-between;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta h2 {\r\n  max-width: 680px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n  color: var(--cpse-white);\r\n  font-size: clamp(34px, 4vw, 54px);\r\n  line-height: 1.12;\r\n  letter-spacing: -.035em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.cpse-r-cta p {\r\n  max-width: 700px;\r\n  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .82);\r\n  line-height: 1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Responsive *\/\r\n@media (max-width: 1024px) {\r\n  .cpse-research-page {\r\n    --cpse-sticky-offset: 78px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-mission-grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-impact-layout {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n    gap: 44px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__map {\r\n    max-width: 650px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--4,\r\n  .cpse-r-output-grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n  .cpse-research-page {\r\n    --cpse-sticky-offset: 8px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-shell {\r\n    width: min(100% - 28px, 1180px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-section {\r\n    padding: 68px 0;\r\n    scroll-margin-top: 108px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero {\r\n    min-height: auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__grid {\r\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\r\n    padding: 78px 0 94px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero h1 {\r\n    font-size: clamp(44px, 14vw, 66px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-hero__map span {\r\n    min-height: 92px;\r\n    padding: 14px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating-wrap {\r\n    margin-top: -25px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating {\r\n    width: calc(100% - 20px);\r\n    justify-content: flex-start;\r\n    border-radius: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-floating a {\r\n    flex: 0 0 auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--3,\r\n  .cpse-r-grid--4,\r\n  .cpse-r-output-grid,\r\n  .cpse-r-impact-list {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar summary {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr) 34px;\r\n    gap: 12px;\r\n    min-height: 104px;\r\n    padding: 20px 16px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__mark {\r\n    width: 44px;\r\n    height: 44px;\r\n    font-size: 10px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__heading h3 {\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__heading p {\r\n    display: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__toggle {\r\n    width: 32px;\r\n    height: 32px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-pillar__body {\r\n    grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    gap: 22px;\r\n    padding: 0 18px 24px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-card {\r\n    min-height: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-cta__inner {\r\n    display: block;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-r-cta .cpse-r-actions {\r\n    margin-top: 28px;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n  html {\r\n    scroll-behavior: auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  .cpse-research-page *,\r\n  .cpse-research-page *::before,\r\n  .cpse-research-page *::after {\r\n    scroll-behavior: auto !important;\r\n    transition: none !important;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"cpse-research-page\" id=\"research-top\">\r\n\r\n  <!-- =========================\r\n       WIDGET 8 \u2014 PUBLICATIONS\r\n       ========================= -->\r\n  <section id=\"publications\" class=\"cpse-r-section cpse-r-dark\" aria-labelledby=\"cpse-publications-title\">\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-r-shell\">\r\n      <span class=\"cpse-r-kicker\">Scientific output<\/span>\r\n      <h2 id=\"cpse-publications-title\" class=\"cpse-r-title cpse-r-title--small\">\r\n        Publications, knowledge and research outcomes\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n      <p class=\"cpse-r-intro\">\r\n        Explore CPSE contributions across physical sciences, engineering and\r\n        technology. The publication archive can be organized by research area,\r\n        year, author and output type.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"cpse-r-output-grid\">\r\n        <div class=\"cpse-r-output\">Journal Articles<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"cpse-r-output\">Patents &amp; Prototypes<\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"cpse-r-output\">Scientific Data &amp; Software<\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <!-- Update this slug if your Publications page uses a different URL. -->\r\n      <a class=\"cpse-r-btn cpse-r-btn--light\" href=\"\/?page_id=2036\">\r\n        Browse publications\r\n        <span class=\"cpse-r-btn__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n      <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n<!-- =========================\r\n     WIDGET 10 \u2014 LIGHTWEIGHT INTERACTIONS\r\n     ========================= -->\r\n<script>\r\n(function () {\r\n  const page = document.querySelector('.cpse-research-page');\r\n  if (!page) return;\r\n\r\n  \/* Keep only one research pillar open at a time. None is open initially. *\/\r\n  const pillars = page.querySelectorAll('.cpse-r-pillar');\r\n  pillars.forEach(function (pillar) {\r\n    pillar.addEventListener('toggle', function () {\r\n      if (!pillar.open) return;\r\n      pillars.forEach(function (other) {\r\n        if (other !== pillar) other.removeAttribute('open');\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  \/* Highlight the current section in the floating menu. *\/\r\n  const navLinks = page.querySelectorAll('.cpse-r-floating a[href^=\"#\"]');\r\n  const sections = [];\r\n\r\n  navLinks.forEach(function (link) {\r\n    const section = document.querySelector(link.getAttribute('href'));\r\n    if (section) sections.push({ section: section, link: link });\r\n  });\r\n\r\n  if ('IntersectionObserver' in window && sections.length) {\r\n    const observer = new IntersectionObserver(function (entries) {\r\n      entries.forEach(function (entry) {\r\n        if (!entry.isIntersecting) return;\r\n        navLinks.forEach(function 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data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- CPSE RESEARCH FLOATING MENU -->\r\n<div class=\"cpse-page-menu is-open\" id=\"cpseResearchMenu\">\r\n\r\n  <!-- Button shown after closing the menu -->\r\n  <button\r\n    class=\"cpse-page-menu__open\"\r\n    type=\"button\"\r\n    aria-label=\"Open page menu\"\r\n    aria-expanded=\"true\"\r\n    aria-controls=\"cpseResearchMenuPanel\"\r\n  >\r\n    <span>On this page<\/span>\r\n\r\n    <span class=\"cpse-page-menu__icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n      <i><\/i>\r\n      <i><\/i>\r\n      <i><\/i>\r\n    <\/span>\r\n  <\/button>\r\n\r\n  <!-- Open menu -->\r\n  <aside\r\n    class=\"cpse-page-menu__panel\"\r\n    id=\"cpseResearchMenuPanel\"\r\n    aria-hidden=\"false\"\r\n  >\r\n    <div class=\"cpse-page-menu__header\">\r\n      <div>\r\n        <span class=\"cpse-page-menu__label\">On this page<\/span>\r\n        <strong>Research at CPSE<\/strong>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <button\r\n        class=\"cpse-page-menu__close\"\r\n 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